Java进阶指南：Core Java Volume II (第十版)

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"Core Java Volume II - Advanced Features" 是一本专注于Java高级特性的编程书籍，由Cay S. Horstmann撰写，由Prentice Hall出版社出版，发布日期为2016年12月，ISBN号为9780134177878。这本书是针对Java SE 8的最新更新版本，旨在为开发者提供Java最强大功能的权威指南，适用于企业级和桌面应用的开发。书中内容全面覆盖了Java SE 8的重要更新和API，包括但不限于以下几个核心知识点： 1. **Lambda表达式**：Java SE 8引入的这一重大特性，允许开发者以更简洁、更易读的方式编写函数式编程代码，处理集合和并行流。 2. **方法引用和构造器引用**：这些是Lambda表达式的一部分，它们提供了对现有方法或构造器的直接引用，简化了代码并提高了效率。 3. **Stream API**：Stream API提供了一种处理数据集合的新方式，支持序列化操作，如过滤、映射、排序等，特别适合大数据处理和并行计算。 4. **日期和时间API**：Java 8对日期和时间类进行了重构，引入了`java.time`包，提供了更强大、更易于使用的日期、时间和时区处理功能。 5. **接口的默认方法和静态方法**：这些特性使得接口可以拥有实现代码，增强了接口的功能，同时静态方法允许在不创建对象的情况下调用接口中的方法。 6. **类型推断增强**：Java 8改进了类型推断机制，使得局部变量的声明更加简洁，尤其是在使用Lambda表达式时。 7. **并发编程的改进**：包括`Fork/Join`框架和`CompletableFuture`，为编写高效的多线程程序提供了新的工具和策略。 8. **反射和注解处理**：深入讲解了如何使用反射进行动态类型检查和操作，以及注解处理器的使用，这些在构建元编程系统和编译时验证中非常关键。 9. **NIO.2**：介绍了新的文件系统API，包括文件系统模型、文件和目录操作、异步I/O等，极大地提高了I/O性能。 10. **网络编程**：涵盖TCP和UDP套接字，HTTP客户端和服务器编程，以及Java的网络类库。通过本书，读者不仅可以学习到Java SE 8的新特性，还能了解到如何将这些高级特性融入到实际项目中，解决专业开发者在开发过程中遇到的实际问题。所有示例代码经过精心测试，遵循现代最佳实践，确保了代码的可读性和实用性。无论你是有经验的Java开发者还是想要提升技能的初学者，这本书都是不可或缺的参考资源。

A stream seems superficially similar to a collection, allowing you to transform and retrieve

data. But there are significant differences:

1. A stream does not store its elements. They may be stored in an underlying collection

or generated on demand.

2. Stream operations don’t mutate their source. For example, the filter method does not

remove elements from a new stream, but it yields a new stream in which they are not present.

3. Stream operations are

lazy

when possible. This means they are not executed until their

result is needed. For example, if you only ask for the first five long words instead of

all, the filter method will stop filtering after the fifth match. As a consequence, you

can even have infinite streams!

Let us have another look at the example. The stream and parallelStream methods yield a

stream

for the words list. The filter method returns another stream that contains only the words

of length greater than twelve. The count method reduces that stream to a result.

This workflow is typical when you work with streams. You set up a pipeline of operations

in three stages:

1. Create a stream.

2. Specify

intermediate operations

for transforming the initial stream into others,

possibly in multiple steps.

3. Apply a

terminal operation

to produce a result. This operation forces the execution of

the lazy operations that precede it. Afterwards, the stream can no longer be used.

In the example in Listing 1.1, the stream is created with the stream or parallelStream method.

The filter method transforms it, and count is the terminal operation.

In the next section, you will see how to create a stream. The subsequent three sections

deal with stream transformations. They are followed by five sections on terminal operations.

Listing 1.1 streams/CountLongWords.java

1 package streams;

3 import java.io.IOException;

4 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

5 import java.nio.file.Files;

6 import java.nio.file.Paths;

7 import java.util.Arrays;

8 import java.util.List;

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Java进阶指南：Core Java Volume II (第十版)

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