"Pacemaker 管理手册: 安装集群软件, 配置 Pacemaker, 理解集群层，使用过程简介"

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《Pacemaker 管理员手册》是一本针对 Pacemaker 集群管理软件的管理手册，旨在帮助管理员简单了解使用过程。本手册由 Pacemaker 项目的贡献者编写，截止到 2022 年 6 月。本手册包括了以下内容： 1. 摘要 2. 目录 2.1 简介 2.1.1 本文档的范围 2.1.2 什么是 Pacemaker 2.2 安装集群软件 2.3 集群层 2.4 配置 Pacemaker 2.4.1 使用高级工具进行配置通过本手册，管理员可以了解 Pacemaker 集群软件的安装、配置及管理过程，为实际的集群管理工作提供基础知识和指导。

Pacemaker Administration, Release 2.1.3

Note: Fencing

Fencing, also known as STONITH (an acronym for Shoot The Other Node In The Head), is the ability to

ensure that it is not possible for a node to be running a service. This is accomplished via fence devices

such as intelligent power switches that cut power to the target, or intelligent network switches that cut the

target’s access to the local network.

Pacemaker represents fence devices as a special class of resource.

A cluster cannot safely recover from certain failure conditions, such as an unresponsive node, without fencing.

Cluster Architecture

At a high level, a cluster can be viewed as having these parts (which together are often referred to as the

cluster stack):

• Resources: These are the reason for the cluster’s being – the services that need to be kept highly

available.

• Resource agents: These are scripts or operating system components that start, stop, and monitor

resources, given a set of resource parameters. These provide a uniform interface between Pacemaker

and the managed services.

• Fence agents: These are scripts that execute node fencing actions, given a target and fence device

parameters.

• Cluster membership layer: This component provides reliable messaging, membership, and quorum

information about the cluster. Currently, Pacemaker supports Corosync as this layer.

• Cluster resource manager: Pacemaker provides the brain that processes and reacts to events that

occur in the cluster. These events may include nodes joining or leaving the cluster; resource events

caused by failures, maintenance, or scheduled activities; and other administrative actions. To achieve

the desired availability, Pacemaker may start and stop resources and fence nodes.

• Cluster tools: These provide an interface for users to interact with the cluster. Various command-line

and graphical (GUI) interfaces are available.

Most managed services are not, themselves, cluster-aware. However, many popular open-source cluster

lesystems make use of a common Distributed Lock Manager (DLM), which makes direct use of Corosync

for its messaging and membership capabilities and Pacemaker for the ability to fence nodes.

6 Chapter 2. Table of Contents

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