iPhone Web应用开发指南：JavaScript与AJAX实战

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《iPhone JavaScript Cookbook》是一本实用指南，专为开发人员提供在iPhone上构建Web应用程序所需的清晰和实际的配方，无需深入学习Objective-C或Cocoa。作者Arturo Fernández Montoro编写了这本书，旨在帮助读者利用JavaScript和AJAX技术，轻松地创建出功能丰富的移动应用。书中涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **安装与配置框架**：介绍如何安装和配置一系列用于简化iPhone Web应用开发的框架，确保项目的顺利启动。 2. **图形用户界面设计**：讲解如何使用XHTML、CSS和JavaScript设计符合iPhone用户界面规范的美观应用，包括触摸手势、多点触控事件、拖放操作以及滑动效果的实现。 3. **多媒体处理**：涉及如何处理图片和访问设备相机，以及在应用中添加视频和音频功能，增强用户体验。 4. **AJAX应用优化**：讨论如何运用AJAX技术提高Web应用的性能，提升页面响应速度和交互性。 5. **原生与Web应用的区别**：对比分析在iPhone上开发原生应用与Web应用的优缺点，帮助开发者理解何时选择哪种方式。 6. **HTML 5与数据管理**：介绍如何利用HTML 5的新特性在Safari Mobile中处理数据和SQL，包括与本地数据库的交互。 7. **电话功能集成**：讲解如何访问手机特有的功能，如联系人（Address Book），以及定位和地理信息相关功能的识别和利用。 8. **社交网络集成**：介绍如何将应用与Facebook、Twitter、Flickr等第三方网站和服务进行整合，实现社交分享和互动功能。 9. **版权与免责声明**：强调版权法律要求，明确指出未经出版商书面许可，书中的信息不得复制或传播，同时也提示读者关于信息准确性的保障措施和责任声明。《iPhone JavaScript Cookbook》是一本实用的资源，适合希望利用JavaScript开发iPhone应用的开发人员，无论他们是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中找到宝贵的实践技巧和理论指导。通过本书，读者可以掌握构建高效、用户友好的iPhone Web应用所需的核心技能。

Frameworks Make

Life Easier

In this chapter, we will cover:

Why frameworks are so good

Main frameworks for iPhone development

Installing the iUI framework

Installing the UiUIKit framework

Installing the XUI framework

Installing the iWebKit framework

Installing the WebApp.Net framework

Installing the PhoneGap framework

Installing the Sencha Touch framework

Installing the Apple Dashcode framework

Introduction

Many web applications implement common features independent of the nal purpose for which

they have been designed. Functionalities and features such as authentication, forms validation,

retrieving records from a database, caching, logging, and pagination are very common in

modern web applications. As a developer, surely you have implemented one or more of these

features in your applications more than once. Good developers and software engineers insist

on concepts, such as modularity, reusability, and encapsulation; as a consequence you can

nd a lot of books, papers, and articles talking about how to design your software using these

techniques. In fact, modern and popular methodologies, such as Extreme Programming, Scrum,

and Test-driven Development are based on those principles. Although this approach sounds very

appealing in theory, it might be complicated to carry it out in practice.



Frameworks Make Life Easier

Developing any kind of software from scratch for running in any platform is undoubtedly

a hard task. Complexity grows up when the target platform, operating system, or machine

has its own specic rules and mechanisms. Some tools can make our job less complicated

but only one kind of them is denitely a safe bet. It is here when we meet frameworks, a

set of proven code that offers common functionality and standard structures for software

development. This code makes our life much easier without reinventing the wheel and gives

a skeleton to our applications, making sure that we're doing things correctly. In addition,

frameworks avoid starting from scratch once more. From a technical point of view, most

frameworks are a set of libraries implementing functions, classes, and methods.

Using frameworks, we can save time and money, writing less code due to its code skeleton,

and features implemented on it. Usually, frameworks force us to follow standards and they

offer well-proven code avoiding common mistakes for beginners. Tasks such as testing,

maintenance, and deployment are easier to do using frameworks due to the tools and

mechanisms included. On the other hand, the learning curve could be a big and difcult

drawback for beginners.

Through this chapter, we'll learn how to install the main frameworks for JavaScript, HTML, and

CSS development for iPhone. All of them offer a base to develop applications with a consistent

and native look and feel using different methods. While some of them are focused on the

user interface, others allow using AJAX in an efcient and easy way. Even some frameworks

allow building native applications from the original code of the web application. We have the

chance to choose which is better to fulll our requirements; it is even possible to use

more than one of these solutions for the same application. For our recipes, we'll use the

following frameworks:

iUI: This is focused on the look and feel of iPhone and consists of CSS les, images,

and a small JavaScript library. Its objective is to get a web application running on

the device with a consistent interface such as a native application. This framework

establishes a correspondence between HTML tags and conventions used for

developing native applications.

UiUIKit: Using a set of CSS and image les, it provides a coherent system for building

web applications with a graphic interface such as native iPhone applications. The

features offered for this framework are very similar to iUI.

XUI: This is a pure JavaScript library specic for mobile development. It has been

designed to be faster and lighter than other similar libraries, such as jQuery,

MooTools, and prototype.

iWebKit: This is developed specically for Apple's devices and is compatible with

CSS3 standard; it helps to write web applications or websites with minimum HTML

knowledge. Its modular design supports plugins for adding new features and we can

build and use the themes for UI customization.



Chapter 1

WebApp.Net: This framework comes loaded with JavaScript, CSS, and image les

for developing web application for mobile devices that uses WebKit engine in its web

browsers. Besides building interfaces, this framework includes functionality to use

AJAX in an easy and efcient way.

PhoneGap: This is designed to minimize efforts for developing native mobile

applications for different operating systems, platforms, and devices. It is based on

the WORE (Write once, run anywhere) principle and it allows conversion from a

web application into a native application. It supports many platforms and operating

systems, such as iOS, Android, webOS, Symbian, and BlackBerry OS.

Sencha Touch: This is a complete mobile web framework based on HTML5,

JavaScript, and CSS standards for developing Android and iOS-based applications.

It has been developed by Sencha—the owner company of the popular JavaScript

framework Ext JS.

Apple Dashcode

: Formally, this is a software development tool for Mac OS X includedFormally, this is a software development tool for Mac OS X included

in Leopard and Snow Leopard versions, and focused on widget development for these

operating systems. However, the last versions allow you to write web applications for

iPhone and other iOS devices offering a graphic interface builder.

Installing the iUI framework

This recipe shows how to download and install the iUI framework on different operating

systems. Particularly, we'll cover Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and GNU/Linux.

Getting ready

The rst step is to install and get ready; some tools need to be downloaded and

decompressed. As computer users, we know how to decompress les using software such as

WinZip, Ark, or the built-in utility on Mac OS X. You will surely have installed a web browser on

your computer. If you are a Linux or Mac developer, you already know how to use curl or wget.

These tools are very useful for quick download and you only need to use the command line

through applications such as GNOME Terminal, Konsole, iTerm, or Terminal. iUI is an open

source project, so you can download the code for free.

The open source project releases some stable versions packed and ready to download, but it

is also possible to download a development version. This one could be suitable if you prefer

working with the latest changes made by the ofcial developers contributing to the project.

Due to this, developers are using Mercurial version control and thus we'll need to install a

client for it to get access to this code.



Chapter 1

Once you have downloaded the tarball le, it's time to extract its content to a specic folder

on our computer. WinZip and WinRAR are the most popular tools to do this task on Windows.

Linux distributions, by default, install similar tools such as File Roller and Ark. Double-clicking

from the download window of the Safari browser will extract the les directly to your default

folder on your Mac, which is usually called Downloads. For command-line enthusiasts,

execute the following command:

$ tar –zxvf iui-0.31.tar.gz

How it works...

After decompressing the downloaded le, you'll nd a folder with different subfolders and les.

The most important is a subfolder called iui that contains CSS, images, and JavaScript les

for building our web applications for iPhone. We need to copy this subfolder to our working

folder where other application les reside.

Sharing this framework across different web applications is possible; you only need to put

the iUI at a place where these applications have permissions to access. Usually, this place is

a folder under the DocumentRoot of your web server. If you're planning to write a high load

application, it would be a good idea to use a cloud or CDN (Content Delivery Network) service

such as Amazon Simple Storage Services (Amazon S3) for hosting and serving static HTML,

CSS, JavaScript, and image les.

Installing the iUI framework is a straightforward process. You simply download and

decompress one le, and then copy one folder into an other, which has permission to be

accessed by the web server.

Apache is one of the most used and extended web servers in the world. Other popular options

are Internet Information Server (IIS), lighttpd, and nginx. Apache web server is installed by

default on Mac OS X; most of the operating systems based on Linux and UNIX offer binary

packages for easy installation and you can nd binary les for installing on Windows as well.

IIS was designed for Windows operating systems, meanwhile, lighttpd and nginx are winning

popularity and are used on UNIX systems as Linux's distros, FreeBSD, and OpenBSD. Ubuntu

Linux uses /var/www/ directory as the main DocumentRoot for Apache. So, in order to

share iUI framework across applications, you can copy the folder to the other folder by

executing this command:

$ cp –r iui-0.31/ui /var/www/iui

If you are a Mac user, your target directory will be /Library/WebServer/Documents/iui.

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