Flutter：跨平台应用与SDK开发的创新比较研究

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"本篇论文《Flutter用于跨平台App和SDK开发》由Lukas Dagne撰写，隶属于Metropolia University of Applied Sciences的信息技术学士学位课程，专业主修软件工程。论文的焦点在于2019年5月1日提交的28页内容，探讨了Flutter在构建跨平台应用和SDK开发中的表现与竞争力。 Flutter作为一种新兴的跨平台开发框架，其核心在于提供了一套自有的用户界面(UI)工具包，这与大多数基于原生UI框架的解决方案形成了鲜明对比。Flutter的优势在于其创新的渲染机制，它不仅能够生成高效且一致的用户体验，而且不依赖于底层操作系统，从而减少了开发者的适配工作。论文深入研究了Flutter的内部结构和整体架构，旨在评估它的性能、效率以及与其他主流跨平台选项（如React Native或Ionic）的比较。作者关注的是Flutter作为独立于原生开发的解决方案，其在保持用户体验一致性的同时，如何在性能和开发效率上与原生应用相抗衡。对于SDK开发者而言，Flutter可能提供了独特的吸引力，因为它允许创建高度可定制的、具有统一外观和行为的移动应用，这对于那些寻求简化开发流程、降低维护成本和提升代码复用性的项目来说是一大亮点。然而，论文也会探讨Flutter潜在的局限性和挑战，例如学习曲线陡峭、特定平台的优化问题等。这篇论文为开发者和决策者提供了关于Flutter在跨平台应用开发中的适用性、优势和潜在风险的深入理解，对于选择最合适的开发工具和策略具有实际指导意义。"

2 Available solutions

2.1 Native development

Android supports Java and Kotlin programming languages with its own interface

elements and layout techniques along with several IDEs (Integrated Development

Environment) for app development. iOS on the other hand requires apps to be written

using Objective C and/or Swift programming languages using interface elements and

layout techniques provided by Apple inside the Xcode IDE.

The platforms expose exclusive high-level APIs (Application Program Interface) that are

used to implement user interface, I/O (Input output) operations and other features. The

result is a tailored look and feel of applications on each platform that most users has

become accustomed to.

2.2 Cross-platform

The main appeal to cross-platform solutions over native development is minimizing

development team size, time and resources. The other key reason is what motivates

developers and businesses to make these applications in the first place; it is an extension

to their existing websites. Most companies and startups extend their product or service

to mobile applications due to increasing traffic they receive from mobile platforms on their

websites. One example is the company Airbnb

(8)

Cross-platform solutions are usually preferred by web developers as most of these

solutions employ web technologies on mobile platforms. Single codebase, hence single

development team for applications that run on multiple platforms, is one of the most

common pitches for cross-platform solutions.

Due to the far-reaching differences between platforms such as iOS and Android, and the

speed at which these platforms grow and evolve, creating cross-platform solution without

compromises is challenging and maybe impossible. From varying programming

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