PCB自动化生产深度解析：策略、机械与化学控制

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《自动化在PCB生产中的应用：Happy Holden的专业指南》这本书由Happy Holden撰写，于2018年由BRPublishing, Inc.出版，着重探讨了印刷电路板（PCB）制造过程中的自动化和高级工艺。作为该领域的资深专家，Holden自20世纪60年代起就致力于PCB自动化的发展，并以其丰富的经验和生动的故事分享了这一技术的核心理念。本书分为四章，旨在为读者提供深入理解： 1. **计算机集成制造与自动化策略** (CIM and Automation Strategy): 在这一章中，Holden阐述了计算机集成制造（CIM）的概念，以及它如何与自动化战略相结合，以优化PCB生产的整体流程。他可能会讨论如何通过集成硬件、软件和生产管理来提高效率，减少错误，以及实现定制化和灵活性。 2. **计算机辅助制造** (Computer-Aided Manufacturing, CAM): 这一章节详细介绍了CAM技术在PCB制造中的具体应用，包括设计自动化、布局和布线的数字化工具，以及如何通过CAD软件提高设计质量和生产速度。 3. **机械化的PCB生产工艺** (Mechanization in PCB Fabrication): Holden会探讨机械臂、传送系统、自动化设备如何在组装、钻孔、切割和焊接等步骤中发挥作用，以及这些技术如何提升生产效率，减少人工操作。 4. **化学监测与控制** (Chemical Monitoring and Control): 在这个章节，作者可能讨论了如何通过传感器和自动控制系统来精确控制化学处理过程，如蚀刻、清洗和镀层，以确保产品质量和环境保护。书中不仅包含了理论知识，还穿插了许多实用案例，使读者能够理解自动化在实际生产环境中的实施细节和挑战。此外，版权和ISBN信息也提供了关于此书合法复制和传播的限制。总体而言，《AutomationHH-pcb.pdf》是一本宝贵的资源，为PCB行业从业者和对自动化感兴趣的读者提供了深入了解和实践指导。

Automaon and Advanced Procedures in PCB Fabricaon

Mechanizaon Classes

Mechanization can be divided into six classes that indicate the amount of sophistication of

machines and machine interactions with humans. The classes are rated based on the percent

of the work done by machines:

Mechanization Classs Percentage Mechanized

1 Manual 0%

2 Semi-manual 10-25%

3 Machine-assisted 25–50%

4 Human-assisted 50–75%

5 Semi-automatic 75–99%

6 Fully automatic 100%

Systemizaon Levels

Similarly, systemization can be divided into six levels that indicate the amount and sophistica-

tion of blueprints, information, data, scheduling, and control that take place:

Each level has an increasing percentage of machine/computer content handling the informa-

tion required to fabricate, schedule, test, or move a product.

Automaon Matrix

When both measures are applied to any activity in the process to tool or build a printed circuit, an

automation matrix is created about that work center. This matrix allows for the current situation

and future objectives or plans to be appraised, even if it is all manual (Figure 8). It is quite common

for automation objectives to be made up of a number of steps or phases, allowing each step to be

stabilized before the next one is taken. The automation matrix lends itself to this step approach.

Systematization Level

Percentage

Collected by

Sensors or

Computers

1 Manual information collection distribution 0%

2 Batch computer/human collection distribution 10-24%

3 Online computer/human collection distribution 25-49%

4 Real-time computer/machine interface 50-74%

5 Dedicated supervisory control 75-99%

6 Fully automatic gateway/network control 100%

Automaon and Advanced Procedures in PCB Fabricaon

1. Superiority

2. Simplicity

3. Flexibility

4. Compability

5. Manufacturability

6. Reliability

1. Superiority: Automaon Must Contribute to a Business Goal

In the simplest terms, the business goal is to be the best. However, “best” is relative. Thus, it can

be rated based on experience, reputation, technology, protability, engineering, or anything to

compare oneself to competitors. What might customers think is important in rating the best?

Examples might include quality, delivery, price, exibility, technology, or service. The selection

of which area of performance that automation is aimed at will have the most inuence on pick-

ing vendors and programs.

The 40-40-20 Rule

In a recent publication about CIM

[3]

, Wickham Skinner quoted the General Electric “40-40-20

Rule." The rule states that for the average fabrication and assembly production plants, only 20%

of any ultimate cost saving and performance improvements come from productivity changes

and conventional engineering concepts and techniques. Meanwhile, 40% can come from manu-

facturing policy and structure changes, such as TQC and Lean, and 40% from improvements in

fundamental manufacturing technology.

This gives a clear alternative to smaller companies who cannot aord expensive automated

equipment. Their management can make a much more aordable investment in policy and

structure changes. This is just another way of saying “manufacturing philosophies.” As men-

tioned earlier, the important ingredient is commitment to being the best. Once this commit-

ment has been made, then investment in education, awareness, and training can be made.

2. Simplicity: Automaon Must Help Simplify Manufacturing

It is imperative to use automation technology to simplify the production task rather

than make it more complex. Part of simplifying the problem is not automating any op-

eration that is better done by human skills. The basis for this principle is that automa-

tion is consistent, untiring, and fast, but unlike humans, machines do not possess com-

mon sense or the ability to change their own programming when a glitch appears. To take

advantage of automation, factors must be simplied from the previous manual technique.

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