MINIX内核源代码分析

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"MINIX 操作系统内核源代码分析" MINIX 内核是一个轻量级的操作系统，由 Andrew S. Tanenbaum 教授设计，最初作为教学工具，后来发展成为支持微内核架构的类 Unix 系统。MINIX 3.20 版本是该系统的一个里程碑，提供了稳定和高效的服务。这个资源包含的是 MINIX 3.20 内核的完整源代码。在提供的代码片段中，我们看到了 `include/ansi.h` 文件的部分内容。这个头文件的主要作用是检查编译器是否符合 ANSI C 标准，以便 MINIX 可以充分利用这些标准。如果编译器支持 ANSI C，文件会定义一个符号 `_ANSI`，并赋值为 31459，这个数字可能只是一个标识符，没有实际意义。如果编译器不支持 ANSI C，那么 `_ANSI` 不会在这里定义，但应用程序可以自行定义以适应非标准的 C 语言特性。文件中提到的 `_ANSI` 宏是关键，它根据编译器是否支持 ANSI C 来决定如何定义。如果 `_ANSI` 被定义，那么会定义一个名为 `_PROTOTYPE` 的宏，这个宏的作用是根据需要生成 ANSI 标准的函数原型（使用函数名、参数列表以及返回类型）或传统的 K&R（Kernighan & Ritchie）风格的原型（不指定参数类型）。在 ANSI C 中，函数原型是强制性的，而在早期的 C 语言版本中，函数声明可能没有明确的参数类型。 `_PROTOTYPE` 宏的使用确保了代码在 ANSI C 和非 ANSI C 编译器下都能正确编译。这种做法在兼容旧代码或跨平台开发时非常有用，因为它允许在不同标准之间切换，而无需大量修改代码。在 MINIX 这样的操作系统中，为了确保代码能在各种环境中运行，这样的兼容性至关重要。 MINIX 内核源代码展示了如何利用 ANSI C 标准来提高代码的可移植性和一致性。通过对 `_ANSI` 和 `_PROTOTYPE` 宏的处理，MINIX 可以在保持向后兼容性的同时，利用现代 C 语言的优点。对于学习操作系统原理和 C 语言编程的学生，MINIX 的源代码提供了丰富的学习材料。同时，对于开发者来说，MINIX 的设计和实现也是研究微内核架构和操作系统开发的宝贵资源。

516 File: include/termios.h MINIX SOURCE CODE

01155 /* Extensions to the termios c_lflag bit map. */

01156 #define LFLUSHO 0x0200 /* Flush output. */

01157

01158 /* Extensions to the c_cc array. */

01159 #define VREPRINT 11 /* cc_c[VREPRINT] (ˆR) */

01160 #define VLNEXT 12 /* cc_c[VLNEXT] (ˆV) */

01161 #define VDISCARD 13 /* cc_c[VDISCARD] (ˆO) */

01162

01163 /* Extensions to baud rate settings. */

01164 #define B57600 0x0100 /* 57600 baud */

01165 #define B115200 0x0200 /* 115200 baud */

01166

01167 /* These are the default settings used by the kernel and by ’stty sane’ */

01168

01169 #define TCTRL_DEF (CREAD | CS8 | HUPCL)

01170 #define TINPUT_DEF (BRKINT | ICRNL | IXON | IXANY)

01171 #define TOUTPUT_DEF (OPOST | ONLCR)

01172 #define TLOCAL_DEF (ISIG | IEXTEN | ICANON | ECHO | ECHOE)

01173 #define TSPEED_DEF B9600

01174

01175 #define TEOF_DEF ’\4’ /* ˆD */

01176 #define TEOL_DEF _POSIX_VDISABLE

01177 #define TERASE_DEF ’\10’ /* ˆH */

01178 #define TINTR_DEF ’\3’ /* ˆC */

01179 #define TKILL_DEF ’\25’ /* ˆU */

01180 #define TMIN_DEF 1

01181 #define TQUIT_DEF ’\34’ /* ˆ\ */

01182 #define TSTART_DEF ’\21’ /* ˆQ */

01183 #define TSTOP_DEF ’\23’ /* ˆS */

01184 #define TSUSP_DEF ’\32’ /* ˆZ */

01185 #define TTIME_DEF 0

01186 #define TREPRINT_DEF ’\22’ /* ˆR */

01187 #define TLNEXT_DEF ’\26’ /* ˆV */

01188 #define TDISCARD_DEF ’\17’ /* ˆO */

01189

01190 /* Window size. This information is stored in the TTY driver but not used.

01191 * This can be used for screen based applications in a window environment.

01192 * The ioctls TIOCGWINSZ and TIOCSWINSZ can be used to get and set this

01193 * information.

01194 */

01195

01196 struct winsize

01197 {

01198 unsigned short ws_row; /* rows, in characters */

01199 unsigned short ws_col; /* columns, in characters */

01200 unsigned short ws_xpixel; /* horizontal size, pixels */

01201 unsigned short ws_ypixel; /* vertical size, pixels */

01202 };

01203 #endif /* _MINIX */

01204

01205 #endif /* _TERMIOS_H */

MINIX SOURCE CODE File: include/timers.h 517

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

include/timers.h

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

01300 /* This library provides generic watchdog timer management functionality.

01301 * The functions operate on a timer queue provided by the caller. Note that

01302 * the timers must use absolute time to allow sorting. The library provides:

01303 *

01304 * tmrs_settimer: (re)set a new watchdog timer in the timers queue

01305 * tmrs_clrtimer: remove a timer from both the timers queue

01306 * tmrs_exptimers: check for expired timers and run watchdog functions

01307 *

01308 * Author:

01309 * Jorrit N. Herder <jnherder@cs.vu.nl>

01310 * Adapted from tmr_settimer and tmr_clrtimer in src/kernel/clock.c.

01311 * Last modified: September 30, 2004.

01312 */

01313

01314 #ifndef _TIMERS_H

01315 #define _TIMERS_H

01316

01317 #include <limits.h>

01318 #include <sys/types.h>

01319

01320 struct timer;

01321 typedef void (*tmr_func_t)(struct timer *tp);

01322 typedef union { int ta_int; long ta_long; void *ta_ptr; } tmr_arg_t;

01323

01324 /* A timer_t variable must be declare for each distinct timer to be used.

01325 * The timers watchdog function and expiration time are automatically set

01326 * by the library function tmrs_settimer, but its argument is not.

01327 */

01328 typedef struct timer

01329 {

01330 struct timer *tmr_next; /* next in a timer chain */

01331 clock_t tmr_exp_time; /* expiration time */

01332 tmr_func_t tmr_func; /* function to call when expired */

01333 tmr_arg_t tmr_arg; /* random argument */

01334 } timer_t;

01335

01336 /* Used when the timer is not active. */

01337 #define TMR_NEVER ((clock_t) -1 < 0) ? ((clock_t) LONG_MAX) : ((clock_t) -1)

01338 #undef TMR_NEVER

01339 #define TMR_NEVER ((clock_t) LONG_MAX)

01340

01341 /* These definitions can be used to set or get data from a timer variable. */

01342 #define tmr_arg(tp) (&(tp)->tmr_arg)

01343 #define tmr_exp_time(tp) (&(tp)->tmr_exp_time)

01344

01345 /* Timers should be initialized once before they are being used. Be careful

01346 * not to reinitialize a timer that is in a list of timers, or the chain

01347 * will be broken.

01348 */

01349 #define tmr_inittimer(tp) (void)((tp)->tmr_exp_time = TMR_NEVER, \

01350 (tp)->tmr_next = NULL)

01351

01352 /* The following generic timer management functions are available. They

01353 * can be used to operate on the lists of timers. Adding a timer to a list

01354 * automatically takes care of removing it.

MINIX SOURCE CODE File: include/sys/types.h 519

01445 /* Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6 (not complete) */

01446 typedef long useconds_t; /* Time in microseconds */

01447

01448 /* Types used in disk, inode, etc. data structures. */

01449 typedef short dev_t; /* holds (major|minor) device pair */

01450 typedef char gid_t; /* group id */

01451 typedef unsigned long ino_t; /* i-node number (V3 filesystem) */

01452 typedef unsigned short mode_t; /* file type and permissions bits */

01453 typedef short nlink_t; /* number of links to a file */

01454 typedef unsigned long off_t; /* offset within a file */

01455 typedef int pid_t; /* process id (must be signed) */

01456 typedef short uid_t; /* user id */

01457 typedef unsigned long zone_t; /* zone number */

01458 typedef unsigned long block_t; /* block number */

01459 typedef unsigned long bit_t; /* bit number in a bit map */

01460 typedef unsigned short zone1_t; /* zone number for V1 file systems */

01461 typedef unsigned short bitchunk_t; /* collection of bits in a bitmap */

01462

01463 typedef unsigned char u8_t; /* 8 bit type */

01464 typedef unsigned short u16_t; /* 16 bit type */

01465 typedef unsigned long u32_t; /* 32 bit type */

01466

01467 typedef char i8_t; /* 8 bit signed type */

01468 typedef short i16_t; /* 16 bit signed type */

01469 typedef long i32_t; /* 32 bit signed type */

01470

01471 typedef struct { u32_t _[2]; } u64_t;

01472

01473 /* The following types are needed because MINIX uses K&R style function

01474 * definitions (for maximum portability). When a short, such as dev_t, is

01475 * passed to a function with a K&R definition, the compiler automatically

01476 * promotes it to an int. The prototype must contain an int as the parameter,

01477 * not a short, because an int is what an old-style function definition

01478 * expects. Thus using dev_t in a prototype would be incorrect. It would be

01479 * sufficient to just use int instead of dev_t in the prototypes, but Dev_t

01480 * is clearer.

01481 */

01482 typedef int Dev_t;

01483 typedef int _mnx_Gid_t;

01484 typedef int Nlink_t;

01485 typedef int _mnx_Uid_t;

01486 typedef int U8_t;

01487 typedef unsigned long U32_t;

01488 typedef int I8_t;

01489 typedef int I16_t;

01490 typedef long I32_t;

01491

01492 /* ANSI C makes writing down the promotion of unsigned types very messy. When

01493 * sizeof(short) == sizeof(int), there is no promotion, so the type stays

01494 * unsigned. When the compiler is not ANSI, there is usually no loss of

01495 * unsignedness, and there are usually no prototypes so the promoted type

01496 * doesn’t matter. The use of types like Ino_t is an attempt to use ints

01497 * (which are not promoted) while providing information to the reader.

01498 */

01499

01500 typedef unsigned long Ino_t;

01501

01502 #if _EM_WSIZE == 2

01503 /*typedef unsigned int Ino_t; Ino_t is now 32 bits */

01504 typedef unsigned int Zone1_t;

剩余391页未读，继续阅读

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