Stable seeder-injected Nd:YAG pulsed laser using a
RbTiOPO
4
phase modulator
Junxuan Zhang (张俊旋)
1,2
, Xiaolei Zhu (朱小磊)
1,
*, Xiuhua Ma (马秀华)
1
,
Huaguo Zang (臧华国)
1
, Shiguang Li (李世光)
1
, Suyong Yin (殷苏勇)
1
,
and Weibiao Chen (陈卫标)
1
1
Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology, Shanghai Institute of
Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
*Corresponding author: xlzhu@siom.ac.cn
Received July 9, 2015; accepted September 10, 2015; posted online October 14, 2015
A stable, single-longitudinal-mode, nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a laser-diode dual-end pumping
arrangement is constructed. Injection seeding is performed successfully by utilizing a RbTiOPO
4
crystal as
the intracavity phase modulator to change the optical length of the slave cavity based on the delay-ramp-fire
technique. The laser generates 9.9 mJ of pulse energy with a 16 ns pulse duration at a 400 Hz repetition rate.
A near-diffraction-limit laser beam is achieved with a beam quality factor M
2
of approximately 1.2. The fre-
quency jitter is 1.5 MHz over 2 min, and the fluctuation of the output pulse power is 0.3% over 23 min.
OCIS codes: 140.3570, 140.3580, 140.3540.
doi: 10.3788/COL201513.111404.
High peak power, nanosecond-p ulsed Nd:YAG lasers
operating in the single longitudinal mode (SLM) are of
great utility in a variety of applications, such as laser spec-
troscopy, nonlinear optics, and differential absorption
lidar (DIAL), and are useful as pumping sources for single-
frequency optical parametric oscillators. For a single-
frequency, nanosecond-pulsed laser, injection seeding is
superior to traditional methods that use an interferomet-
ric longitudinal mode selector (e.g., inserting an etalon or
grating), which usually results in significant power reduc-
tion or resonator alignment instability
[1]
. By injecting an
external single-frequency seeder laser whose linewidth is
much narrower than the axial mode separation of the
high-gain oscillator cavity, the slave cavity can be pre-
populated with photons from the seeder laser, and mode
competition will lead to SLM operation within the slave
cavity.
Successful seeder injection requires the slave cavity
to be in resonance with the frequency of the seeder laser
when the Q-switcher of the slave cavity is triggered. Until
now, several methods have been designed to ensure the
resonance condition, such as the build-up-min imizing
technique
[2]
, the ramp-and-fire technique
[3]
, the ramp-
hold-fire technique
[4]
, and the delay-ramp-fire (DRF) tech-
nique
[5]
. In those techniques, the modulation of the optical
path length of the slave cavity is usually carried out by
two approaches: one uses a piezoelectric transducer to
dither the rear mirror of cavity, and the other applies
an intracavity electro-optic phase modulator. As we know,
the latter offers several advantages, such as completely
eliminating the mechanical moving of the rear mirror
attached to the piezoceramic transd ucer (PZT), which sol-
ves the problem of the nonlinear moving of the electro-
mechanical components, etc. The use of an intracavity
electro-optic crystal phase modulator can achieve excel-
lent frequency stability from a seeder-injected laser due
to its precise feedback on the optical path length of the
cavity.
In 2012, Moore et al. demonstrated SLM output from a
Ti:sapphire ring laser using a KD
2
PO
4
(KD*P) crystal to
modify the optical phase of the seeder light propagating
within the slave cavity
[6]
. In 2014, our group adopted an
LiNbO
3
(LN) crystal as the intracavity phase modulator
to realize the single-frequency-pulse laser output
[7]
.
However, with a KD*P modulator, due to its lower
electro-optic coefficients and refractive index, higher ramp
voltage is needed to induce a sufficient phase change.
What is more, the piezoelectric ringing effect of KD*P
limits the maximum operating repetition rate of the
SLM laser. With a LN phase modulator, its low damage
threshold (<250 MW∕cm
2
) limits the level of maximum
output from the SLM laser. Compared with the KD*P
and LN modulators, a RbTiOPO
4
(RTP) crystal has ex-
cellent optical properties: it is hydrolysis repellent, has
high electro-optic coefficients, a high damage threshold
(>600 MW∕cm
2
), and lacks the piezoelectric ringing effect
at an elevated repetition rate. It is believed that adopting
a RTP phase modulator would be an effective method to
obtain a higher pulse energy from a seeder-injected laser at
an el evated repetition r ate. In this Letter, we adopt a RTP
crystal to modify the optical path length of the slave
cavity based on the DRF technique. A stable nanosecond
single-frequency pulse train with a high peak power, high
power stability, high beam quality, and a high frequency
stability was achieved at a 400 Hz repetition rate.
The schematic of the SLM laser setup is depicted in
Fig.
1. It consists of three main parts: a continuous wave
seeder laser, a Q-switched slave laser, and an electronic
COL 13(11), 111404(2015) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS November 10, 2015
1671-7694/2015/111404(5) 111404-1 © 2015 Chinese Optics Letters