第
33
卷第
14
期
振动与冲击
JOURNAL
OF
VIBRATION
AND
SHOCK
Vo
l.
33
No.14
2014
台风作用下大型风电结构破坏模式研究
章子华,周易,诸葛萍
(宁波大学建筑工程与环境学院,浙江宁波
315211
)
摘
要:针对沿海风电场及风电结构数量'快速增长、结构频遭台风破坏问题,采用不随离度变化的台风脉动风功
率谱,基于线性滤披法与竖向相关性简化表达式模拟沿海某风电场台风风场模型,并通过功率谱密度函数验证其准确性。
建立风电结构-桩基础搞合有限元模型,计算风电结构在上、下限台风风速条件下动力响应时程,分析极端风况下风电主
体结构可能破坏模式。结果表明,塔筒屈服区域集中在塔筒底端约
4m
高度范围内,呈锥形分布。塔筒底端与基础预埋
环连接处最不利。在上限台风风速条件下,塔顶水平位移超出容许值。两种风速条件下,最不利单桩轴力均未超出限值。
该方法可为研究风电结构在极限风况下非线性倒塌奠定重要基础。
关键词:风电结构;台风;脉动风;破坏模式;有限元法
中图分类号
T
U3
12
+.1
文献标志码
A
DOI:
10.
13465/j.
cnki.
jvs.
2014. 14.025
Failure
modes
of
large-scale
wind
power
structure
subjected
to
typhoon
ZHANG
Zi-hu
α
,
ZHOU
Yi
, ZHUGE Ping
(
College
of
Architecture
,
Civil
and
Environmental
Engineering
,
Ningbo
University
,
Ningbo
315211
, China)
Abstract:
The coastal wind power farms and wind power structures are growing up rapidly and the coastal wind
power structures are always damaged by typhoon. A typhoon fluctuating wind power spectrum which does not change with
height
, the linear filtering method
and
a simplified expression
based
on the vertical correlation were proposed to simulate
the typhoon wind field over a coastal wind farm. The power spectral density function was adopted to verify the accuracy of
the simulated wind field. A coupled finite element model of the wind power structure-pilefoundation was
set
up , and the
dynamic responses of
the
wind power structure
under
the lower limit
and
upper
limit
speed
of typhoon were calculated in
order to analysis the possible failure modes of the main structure
under
extreme wind
situation.
咀
le
results show
that
由
e
yield region mainly locates at the bottom of the tower drum about
4m
high with a cone-shaped distribution. The joint
between the tower drum bottom
and
the
embedded
ring is the most unfavorable position. The horizontal tower displacement
exceeds the
pe
口
nissible
value
under
the
upper
limit
speed
of typhoon,
but
the most unfavorable single pile axial force is
not beyond the limit
in
either situation.
Th
is work lays
an
important foundation for the further research on nonlinear
collapse of wind power structure
under
the extreme wind situation.
Key
words:
wind power
structure;
typhoon; fluctuating
wind;
failure
mode;
finite element analysis
作为再生清洁能源的风能越来越受到重视。我国
风力发电产业起步较晚,但发展迅速,累计装机容量已
达
62.36
GW
,跃居世界第一位
[IJ
。
受季风影响我国东南沿海地区虽风能资源丰富,
但易遭台风侵袭。台风风力较小时,风机运转时间长,
能提高风电场发电量;而受台风正面袭击的风电场有
可能遭受巨大损失。如
2003
年登陆广东的"杜鹊"台
风,造成汕尾红海湾风电场
13
台风力发电机损坏,损
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(
51308307
)
;浙江省自然科学基金
(LQ13
四
80008)
;宁波大学科研项目
(XY
L1
4010)
资助
收稿日期
2013
-10
-21
修改稿收到日期
:2014
-
03
-12
第一作者章子华男,博士,训师,
1984
年生
失上千万元
;2006
年台风"桑美"登陆浙江苍南县直接
穿过苍南风电场,致
28
台风力发电机组全部受损,其
中
5
台倒塌,损失惨重。
2010
年台风"钻鱼"正面登陆
福建漳浦县六鳖镇,造成风电场三期
Z13
号风电机组
倒塔、
Z
lO号机组叶片折断
[2J
。
台风作用的风力发电结构破坏模式主要有:①由
风致扭转颤振引起的叶片破坏,见图
1
(a)
。在强揣流
台风荷载作用下,柔长风机叶片发生强烈扭转振动,距
扭心最远的叶片后缘扭转剪力达最大值并开裂,裂缝
沿叶片横向向主梁扩展,达主梁与翼板交接处因刚度
突变而改沿交界线纵向扩展
[3];
②由极限风荷载引起
的塔架失稳破坏及强度破坏,见图
l(b)o
强台风正面