Python编程基础：入门指南

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"Fundamentals_of_Python_First - 一本由Kenneth A. Lambert和Martin Osborne合著的Python3入门教材，适合初学者学习并逐步进阶。书中通过朗伯的回归基础方法介绍了Python编程语言，旨在将理论知识与实际应用相结合，帮助读者理解从文本到现实世界的概念。" 在《Python基础：首次编程》这本书中，作者引入了Python编程的基本概念，以一种易于理解和实践的方式教授初学者。Python作为一种高级编程语言，因其简洁、易读的语法而受到欢迎，特别适合初学者入门。书中的内容可能包括以下关键知识点： 1. **Python安装与环境配置**：介绍如何在不同操作系统上安装Python解释器，设置开发环境，如集成开发环境(IDE)的选择和使用。 2. **基础语法**：讲解Python的语法规则，如变量声明、数据类型（整型、浮点型、字符串、布尔型等）、运算符、控制流（条件语句、循环结构）以及函数的使用。 3. **列表、元组和字典**：Python中的主要数据结构，包括创建、访问和操作这些数据结构的方法，以及它们在实际问题解决中的应用。 4. **字符串操作**：介绍字符串的拼接、切片、查找、替换和格式化输出等常见操作，以及正则表达式的基础知识。 5. **函数与模块**：讲解函数的定义、参数传递、作用域以及如何使用Python的标准库和第三方模块。 6. **面向对象编程**：介绍类和对象的概念，封装、继承和多态等面向对象编程的核心原则。 7. **异常处理**：学习如何捕获和处理程序运行时可能出现的错误，提高代码的健壮性。 8. **文件操作**：教授如何读写文件，进行输入输出操作，理解文件路径和模式。 9. **模块和包管理**：了解如何使用`import`语句导入模块，以及如何组织和管理自己的代码库。 10. **基础算法和数据结构**：通过实例介绍排序、搜索等基本算法，以及栈、队列等数据结构的实现。 11. **调试与测试**：学习使用调试工具找出代码错误，以及编写单元测试确保代码质量。 12. **版本控制**：介绍Git等版本控制系统，用于代码版本管理和协同开发。 13. **项目实践**：提供实际的编程项目，让读者将所学知识应用到实际问题中，增强编程能力。书中的朗伯的回归基础方法可能是一种教学策略，旨在通过逐步深入的方法，帮助读者从基础到高级，将理论知识与实际编程技巧结合，从而更好地理解和运用Python编程。由于电子版可能因版权原因省略了部分第三方内容，但不影响整体学习体验，读者可以通过其他资源补充相应知识。对于想要系统学习Python编程的初学者，这本书无疑是一个良好的起点。

To summarize these benefits, Python is a comfortable and flexible vehicle for

expressing ideas about computation, both for beginners and for experts as well. If

students learn these ideas well in the first course, they should have no problems

making a quick transition to other languages needed for courses later in the cur-

riculum. Most importantly, beginning students will spend less time staring at a

computer screen and more time thinking about interesting problems to solve.

Organization of the Book

The approach of this text is easygoing, with each new concept introduced only

when it is needed.

Chapter 1 introduces computer science by focusing on two fundamental

ideas, algorithms and information processing. A brief overview of computer hard-

ware and software, followed by an extended discussion of the history of comput-

ing, sets the context for computational problem solving.

Chapters 2 and 3 cover the basics of problem solving and algorithm develop-

ment using the standard control structures of expression evaluation, sequencing,

Boolean logic, selection, and iteration with the basic numeric data types.

Emphasis in these chapters is on problem solving that is both systematic and

experimental, involving algorithm design, testing, and documentation.

Chapters 4 and 5 introduce the use of the strings, text files, lists, and diction-

aries. These data structures are both remarkably easy to manipulate in Python

and support some interesting applications. Chapter 5 also introduces simple func-

tion definitions as a way of organizing algorithmic code.

Chapter 6 explores the technique and benefits of procedural abstraction with

function definitions. Top-down design, stepwise refinement, and recursive design

with functions are examined as means of structuring code to solve complex prob-

lems. Details of namespace organization (parameters, temporary variables, and

module variables) and communication among software components are discussed.

An optional section on functional programming with higher-order functions

shows how to exploit functional design patterns to simplify solutions.

Chapter 7 focuses on the use of existing objects and classes to compose pro-

grams. Special attention is paid to the interface, or set of methods, of a class of

objects and the manner in which objects cooperate to solve problems. This chapter

also introduces two contemporary applications of computing, graphics and image

processing—areas in which object-based programming is particularly useful.

PREFACE

[ xv ]

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).

Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

PREFACE

[ xvi ]

Chapter 8 introduces object-oriented design with class and method defini-

tions. Several examples of simple class definitions from different application

domains are presented. Some of these are then integrated into more realistic

applications, to show how object-oriented software components can be used to

build complex systems. Emphasis is on designing appropriate interfaces for

classes that exploit inheritance and polymorphism.

Chapters 9 and 10 cover advanced material related to two important areas of

computing: graphical user interfaces and networks. Although these two chapters

are entirely optional, they give students challenging experiences at the end of the

first course. Chapter 9 contrasts the event-driven model of GUI programs with

the process-driven model of terminal-based programs. The creation and layout of

GUI components are explored, as well as the decomposition of a GUI-based pro-

gram using the model/view/controller pattern. Chapter 10 introduces multi-

threaded programs and the construction of simple network-based client/server

applications.

Chapter 11 covers some topics addressed at the beginning of a traditional

CS2 course, and is available on the publisher’s Web site. This chapter introduces

complexity analysis with big-O notation. Enough material is presented to enable

you to perform simple analyses of the running time and memory usage of algo-

rithms and data structures, using search and sort algorithms as examples.

Special Features

This book explains and develops concepts carefully, using frequent examples and

diagrams. New concepts are then applied in complete programs to show how

they aid in solving problems. The chapters place an early and consistent emphasis

on good writing habits and neat, readable documentation.

The book includes several other important features:



Case studies—These present complete Python programs ranging from the

simple to the substantial. To emphasize the importance and usefulness of

the software development life cycle, case studies are discussed in the frame-

work of a user request, followed by analysis, design, implementation, and

suggestions for testing, with well-defined tasks performed at each stage.

Some case studies are extended in end-of-chapter programming projects.



Chapter objectives and chapter summaries—Each chapter begins with a set

of learning objectives and ends with a summary of the major concepts cov-

ered in the chapter.



Key terms and a glossary—When a technical term is introduced in the text,

it appears in boldface. Definitions of the key terms are also collected in a

glossary.



Exercises—Most major sections of each chapter end with exercise ques-

tions that reinforce the reading by asking basic questions about the mate-

rial in the section. Each chapter ends with a set of review exercises.



Programming projects—Each chapter ends with a set of programming

projects of varying difficulty.



A software toolkit for image processing—This book comes with an open-

source Python toolkit for the easy image processing discussed in Chapter 7.

The toolkit can be obtained from the student downloads page on

www.course.com, or at http://home.wlu.edu/~lambertk/python/



Appendices—Three appendices include information on obtaining Python

resources, installing the toolkit, and using the toolkit’s interface.

Supplemental Resources

The following supplemental materials are available when this book is used in a

classroom setting. All of the teaching tools available with this book are provided

to the instructor on a single CD-ROM.

Electronic Instructor’s Manual

The Instructor’s Manual that accompanies this textbook includes:



Additional instructional material to assist in class preparation, including

suggestions for lecture topics.



Solutions to all the end-of-chapter materials, including the Programming

Exercises.

ExamView

This textbook is accompanied by ExamView, a powerful testing software package

that allows instructors to create and administer printed, computer (LAN-based),

and Internet exams. ExamView includes hundreds of questions that correspond to

the topics covered in this text, enabling students to generate detailed study guides

that include page references for further review. These computer-based and

Internet testing components allow students to take exams at their computers, and

save the instructor time because each exam is graded automatically.

PowerPoint Presentations

This book comes with Microsoft PowerPoint slides for each chapter. These are

included as a teaching aid either to make available to students on the network for

chapter review, or to be used during classroom presentations. Instructors can

modify slides or add their own slides to tailor their presentations.

PREFACE

[ xvii ]

PREFACE

[ xviii ]

Distance Learning

Course Technology is proud to offer online courses in WebCT and Blackboard.

For more information on how to bring distance learning to your course, contact

your local Cengage Learning sales representative.

Source Code

The source code is available at www.cengagebrain.com—and also is available on the

Instructor Resources CD-ROM. If an input file is needed to run a program, it is

included with the source code.

Solution files

The solution files for all programming exercises are available at www.cengagebrain.com

and are available on the Instructor Resources CD-ROM. If an input file is needed to

run a programming exercise, it is included with the solution file.

We Appreciate Your Feedback

We have tried to produce a high-quality text, but should you encounter any

errors, please report them to lambertk@wlu.edu or computerscience@cengage.com. A

list of errata, should they be found, as well as other information about the book,

will be posted on the Web site http://home.wlu.edu/~lambertk/python/ and with the

student resources at www.cengagebrain.com.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank my contributing author, Martin Osborne, for many years of

advice, friendly criticism, and encouragement on several of my book projects. To

my colleague, Joshua Stough, and our students at Washington and Lee University for

classroom testing this book over several semesters.

In addition, I would like to thank the following reviewers for the time and

effort they contributed to Fundamentals of Python: Paul Albee, Central Michigan

University; Andrew Danner, Swarthmore College; Susan Fox, Macalester

College; Robert Franks, Central College; and Jim Slack, Minnesota State

University, Mankato. Also, thank you to the following reviewers who contributed

their thoughts on the original book proposal: Christian Blouin, Dalhousie

University; Margaret Iwobi, Binghamton University; Sam Midkiff, Purdue

University; and Ray Morehead, West Virginia University.

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