FC-SW Rev3.0:光纤通道交换结构详解

FC-SW

FibreChannel

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FC-SW Rev3.0 是一份关于光纤通道（Fibre Channel, FC）交换机架构的技术文档，由 X3.T11 技术委员会提出并可能成为美国信息技术国家标准 (American National Standard for Information Technology) 的草案。该版本于1997年2月3日发布，作为X3的一个受认可标准委员会可能的未来标准，但需经过公众评审和批准才能正式生效。文档重点讨论了FC交换机（FC-SW）的结构特性，这在数据通信领域中的关键角色在于提供高带宽、低延迟和容错能力，是企业级存储区域网络 (Storage Area Network, SAN) 架构的基础组成部分。FC-SW负责在多个节点之间建立、管理和维护光纤通道连接，实现数据的高效传输，支持诸如虚拟化、集群计算等高级功能。 FC-SW Rev3.0可能包括的内容可能包括但不限于： 1. **接口与协议**：详细描述了FC-SW如何与FC适配器和存储设备交互，确保遵循FC-2或更高级别的标准，如FC-3或FC-4，这些标准定义了数据传输的帧结构、错误检测和校验方法。 2. **架构设计**：涵盖了交换机的拓扑结构，如直通式、网状、环形或树状，以及如何通过多路径技术提高可用性和性能。 3. **性能指标**：讨论了吞吐量、延迟、带宽利用率、服务质量(QoS)控制等关键性能参数的定义和优化策略。 4. **管理与控制**：介绍了FC-SW的管理接口，如SNMP、FCIP等，以及如何进行配置、监控和故障排除。 5. **安全性**：可能涵盖FC-SW的访问控制、认证、加密以及对光纤通道安全协议（如FCSAN或FCIP）的支持。 6. **标准化与互操作性**：强调了与其他标准的兼容性，如SNMP、IP网络或其他存储协议，以及在不同厂商产品间的互通性。 7. **未来发展趋势**：随着文档为工作草案，它可能探讨了新技术和趋势，如FC-SW的虚拟化、自动化运维和云计算环境下的应用。 8. **修订历史与变更记录**：提供了先前版本的对比和新特性介绍，帮助用户理解新版本的改进之处。请注意，此文档仅为草案阶段，其具体内容和细节可能会随着标准制定过程的推进而发生变化。对于实际使用或参考，请确保查阅最新官方发布的正式标准。如果需要获取完整的文档，可通过X3提供的联系方式联系购买。

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X3.xxx-199x Switch Fabric Rev 3.0 February 3, 1997

3.1.4 Area: As defined in FC-FG (see reference [4]), the second level in a three-level addressing

hierarchy.

3.1.5 Area Address Manager: A Switch which is responsible for address assignment to other

Switches within a single Domain.

3.1.6 Area Identifier: As defined in FC-FG (see reference [4]), bits 15 through 8 of an address

identifier.

3.1.7 byte: A group of eight bits.

3.1.8 Class F service: As defined in FC-FG (see reference [4]), a service which multiplexes

frames at frame boundaries that is used for control and coordination of the internal behavior of the

Fabric.

3.1.9 Class N service: A generic reference to a Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3 service, as defined in

FC-PH (see reference [1]).

3.1.10 Domain: As defined in FC-FG (see reference [4]), the highest level in a three-level

addressing hierarchy.

3.1.11 Domain Address Manager: A Principal Switch which is responsible for address assignment

to other Switches outside of its Domain.

3.1.12 Domain Identifier: As defined in FC-FG (see reference [4]), bits 23 through 16 of an

address identifier.

3.1.13 Domain_Map: A bitmap in which each bit corresponds to a Domain_ID value (see 6.2.3).

3.1.14 downstream Principal ISL: From the point of view of the local Switch, the downstream

Principal ISL is the Principal ISL to which frames may be sent from the the Principal Switch to the

destination Switch. All Principal ISLs on the Principal Switch are downstream Principal ISLs. A

Switch that is not the Principal Switch may have zero or more downstream Principal ISLs.

3.1.15 E_Port: As defined in FC-FG (see reference [4]), a Fabric “Expansion” Port which attaches

to another E_Port to create an Inter-Switch Link.

3.1.16 E_Port Identifier: An address identifier assigned to an E_Port.

3.1.17 E_Port_Name: A Name_Identifier which identifies an E_Port for identification purposes. The

format of the name is specified in FC-PH. Each E_Port shall provide a unique E_Port_Name within

the Fabric.

3.1.18 Error_Detect_Timeout value: A time constant defined in FC-PH. In this Standard, the

recommended value of this time constant is 2 seconds.

3.1.19 F_Port: As defined in FC-PH (see reference [1]). In this Standard, an F_Port is assumed to

always refer to a port to which non-loop N_Ports are attached to a Fabric, and does not include

FL_Ports.

3.1.20 Fabric: As defined in FC-FG (see reference [4]), an entity which interconnects various

Nx_Ports attached to it and is capable of routing frames using only the D_ID information in an FC-2

frame header.

X3.xxx-199x Switch Fabric Rev 3.0 February 3, 1997

3.1.21 Fabric Controller: 1. As defined in FC-FG (see reference [4]), the logical entity responsible

for operation of the Fabric. 2. The entity at the well-known address hex ‘FF FF FD’.

3.1.22 Fabric Element: 1. As defined in FC-FG (see reference [4]), the smallest unit of a Fabric

which meets the definition of a Fabric. From the point of view of an attached Nx_Port, a Fabric

consisting of multiple Fabric Elements is indistinguishable from a Fabric consisting of a single Fabric

Element.

3.1.23 Fabric F_Port: The entity at the well-known address hex ‘FF FF FE’. See reference [1].

3.1.24 FL_Port: An L_Port which is able to perform the function of an F_Port, attached via a link to

one or more NL_Ports in an Arbitrated Loop topology (see FC-AL). The AL_PA of an FL_Port is

hex’00’. In this Standard, an FL_Port is assumed to always refer to a port to which NL_Ports are

attached to a Fabric, and does not include F_Ports.

3.1.25 Fx_Port: A Switch Port operating as an F_Port or FL_Port.

3.1.26 Fabric_Stability_Timeout value: A time constant used to detect inactivity during Fabric

Configuration. The value of this time constant shall be 5 seconds.

3.1.27 Inter-Switch Link: A Link connecting the E_Port of one (local )Switch to the E_Port of

another (remote) Switch.

3.1.28 Isolated: A condition in which it has been determined that no Class N traffic may be

transmitted across an ISL.

3.1.29 L_Port: A port which contains Arbitrated Loop functions associated with the Arbitrated Loop

topology.

3.1.30 Link: As defined in FC-PH.

3.1.31 local Switch: A Switch that can be reached without traversing any Inter-Switch Links.

3.1.32 Loop Fabric Address: An address identifier used to address a loop for purposes of loop

management.

3.1.33 N_Port: As defined in FC-PH (see reference [1]). In this Standard, an N_Port is assumed to

always refer to a direct Fabric-attached port, and does not include NL_Ports.

3.1.34 N_Port Identifier: An address identifier assigned to an N_Port.

3.1.35 Name_Identifier: As defined in FC-PH (see reference [1]), a 64-bit identifier.

3.1.36 NL_Port: An L_Port which is able to perform the function of an N_Port, attached via a link to

one or more NL_Ports and zero or more FL_Ports in an Arbitrated Loop topology. In this Standard,

an NL_Port is assumed to always refer to a loop-attached port, and does not include N_Ports.

3.1.37 Nx_Port: A Switch Port operating as an N_Port or NL_Port.

3.1.38 path: A route between a source and a destination.

3.1.39 path selection: A process whereby a path between a source and one or more destinations

is discovered.

X3.xxx-199x Switch Fabric Rev 3.0 February 3, 1997

3.1.40 Port: 1. A generic reference to an N_Port, NL_Port, F_Port, FL_Port, or E_Port. 2. As

defined in FC-FG (see reference [4]), the lowest level in a three-level addressing hierarchy.

3.1.41 Port Identifier: As defined in FC-FG (see reference [4]), bits 7 through 0 of an address

identifier.

3.1.42 Port Mode: A generic reference to E_Port, F_Port or FL_Port operation.

3.1.43 Preferred Domain_ID: A Domain_ID previously granted to a Switch by the Domain Address

Manager.

3.1.44 Principal ISL: An Inter-Switch Link that is used to communicate with the Principal Switch.

3.1.45 Principal Switch: A Switch which has been selected to perform certain duties.

3.1.46 remote Switch: A Switch that can be reached only by traversing one or more Inter-Switch

Links.

3.1.47 Resource_Allocation_Timeout value: A time constant defined in FC-PH. In this Standard,

the recommended value of this time constant is 10 seconds.

3.1.48 Router: An entity within a Switch responsible for routing of Class 2 and Class 3 frames.

3.1.49 routing: A process whereby the appropriate Switch Port(s) to deliver a Class 2 or Class 3

frame towards its destination is identified.

3.1.50 Switch: 1. A Fabric Element conforming to this Standard. 2. A member of the Fabric

collective. Resistance is futile...

3.1.51 Switch_Name: A Name_Identifier which identifies a Switch for identification purposes. The

format of the name is specified in FC-PH. Each Switch shall provide a unique Switch_Name within

the Fabric.

3.1.52 Switch Port: An E_Port, F_Port, or FL_Port.

3.1.53 upstream Principal ISL: From the point of view of the local Switch, the upstream Principal

ISL is the Principal ISL to which frames may be sent from the local Switch to the Principal Switch. A

Switch that is not the Principal Switch always has exactly one upstream Principal ISL. The Principal

Switch does not have an upstream Principal ISL.

3.2 Editorial conventions

In this Standard, a number of conditions, mechanisms, sequences, parameters, events, states, or sim-

ilar terms that do not have their normal English meaning are printed with the following conventions:

– the first letter of each word in uppercase and the rest lowercase (e.g., Exchange, Class, etc.).

– a term consisting of multiple words, with the first letter of each word in uppercase and the rest

lowercase, and each word separated form the other by an underscore (_) character. A word

may consist of an acronym or abbreviation which would be printed in uppercase. (e.g., NL_Port,

Transfer_Length, etc.).

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