PostGIS学习笔记:从基础到高级功能详解

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本篇文档是关于PostGIS的学习笔记,PostGIS是一个强大的空间地理信息系统扩展,它是在开源关系数据库PostgreSQL之上构建的,专为处理地理数据而设计。作者分享了几个关键的PostgreSQL SQL语句及其应用。 1. PostgreSQL SQL语句介绍: - **版本信息查询**:通过`SELECT postgis_full_version();`可以获取PostGIS的详细版本信息,包括GEOS和PROJ库的版本,这对于了解所使用的GIS环境至关重要。 - **内插点坐标**:`SELECT ST_AsEWKT(ST_Line_Interpolate_Point(the_line, 0.20))`用于在线段上找到指定比例位置的点,结果以Well-Known Text (WKT)格式呈现。 - **最近点查找**:在PostGIS 1.5+版本中,`ST_ClosestPoint`函数更方便地返回两点之间的最近点坐标,其功能优于`ST_Line_Locate_Point`,适用范围更广泛。 - **图层范围查询**:`SELECT extent(the_geom)`可用于获取表中几何对象(如图层)的边界范围,这对于理解数据覆盖区域很有帮助,输出的结果是一个包含边界坐标的数据结构。 这些SQL语句演示了如何在PostGIS中进行基本的空间操作,对于GIS开发者和数据分析人员来说,掌握这些命令有助于进行空间数据的查询、分析和可视化。此外,学习者还应注意不同版本的PostGIS可能对某些功能的支持有所差异,确保使用最新的版本可以获得最佳性能和功能。 PostGIS还支持其他功能,如网络分析工具PGRouting,可以用来计算最短路径或最佳路线。这些工具结合了PostgreSQL的SQL查询能力与GIS的空间分析能力,使得在大规模地理数据上进行复杂分析变得可能。例如,通过PGRouting的函数,用户可以实现像Dijkstra算法那样的路径优化,这对于城市规划、物流路线规划等领域具有实际价值。 总结起来,这篇学习笔记为初学者提供了PostGIS的核心语法和实用功能,以及版本管理的注意事项,是深入理解和使用PostGIS进行空间数据处理的宝贵参考资料。
2019-12-17 上传
PostGIS is a spatial database that integrates advanced storage and analysis of vector and raster data, and is remarkably flexible and powerful. PostGIS provides support for geographic objects to the PostgreSQL object-relational database and is currently the most popular open source spatial databases. If you want to explore the complete range of PostGIS techniques and expose the related extensions, this book is a must-have. This book is a deep-dive into the full range of PostGIS topics, with practical applications of the concepts and code. It is a comprehensive guide on PostGIS tools and concepts which are required to manage, manipulate, and analyse spatial data in PostGIS. This book is packed with systematic instructions of hands-on examples and in-depth explanations. Even for experienced users, this book will serve as a great source of reference by providing new ways of working with PostGIS through the book’s easy-to-follow approach. This hands-on guide looks at key spatial data manipulation tasks, explaining not only how each task is performed, but also why. It provides practical guidance allowing you to safely take advantage of the advanced technology in PostGIS in order to simplify your spatial database administration tasks. This practical book will help you take advantage of basic and advanced vector, raster, and routing approaches. You will learn to use the concepts of data maintenance, optimization, and performance, which will help you to integrate these into a large ecosystem of desktop and web tools. With this comprehensive guide, you will be armed with all the tools and instructions you need to both manage the spatial database system and make better decisions as your project’s requirements evolve.