探索自然触控界面设计：Brave NUI世界的最新趋势

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《自然用户界面设计：触摸与手势交互的艺术》（Brave NUI World: Designing Natural User Interfaces for Touch and Gesture）是由微软Surface的用户体验架构师Daniel Wigdor和研究经理Dennis Wixon合著的一本书。该书深入探讨了在触控和手势技术日益普及的背景下，如何设计出更加自然、直观的用户界面，以提升用户体验。自然用户界面(Natural User Interface, NUI)旨在模拟人类与数字世界交互的方式，减少学习曲线，提高效率。作者们从设计原则出发，详细讲解了如何通过研究人类动作和触觉感知来构建用户友好的界面，强调了设计中的关键要素，如简洁性、反馈机制、动态与交互性以及情境感知。书中可能涵盖了以下主题： 1. **用户中心设计**：以用户为中心，理解用户的习惯、需求和行为模式，确保界面设计符合真实世界的直觉操作。 2. **触觉与体感设计**：研究如何利用触控和物理反馈，如压力敏感性、振动反馈，增强用户的感知体验。 3. **手势识别与解析**：介绍先进的手势识别技术，包括多点触控、滑动、捏合等，以及如何优化其精度和响应速度。 4. **动态与实时交互**：讨论如何通过动画、过渡效果和即时反馈来提供流畅的用户体验，减少延迟和不确定性。 5. **情境感知与适应性**：探讨如何根据环境、设备状态和用户行为调整界面布局和功能，以实现无缝切换。 6. **创新案例分析**：书中可能会包含一系列微软Surface或其他产品的成功案例，展示自然用户界面设计的实际应用及其效果。 7. **设计实践与挑战**：分享设计师在实践中遇到的问题、解决策略以及未来的趋势预测。《自然用户界面设计》不仅是一本理论指南，也是一份实用的参考手册，为那些在人机交互领域工作的人士提供了宝贵的洞见和灵感。通过这本书，读者可以了解到如何在移动设备、虚拟现实或增强现实等新兴平台上创建出更加人性化的交互体验。版权方面，该书受到严格保护，任何复制或传播均需获得Elsevier出版社的书面许可。

Introduction

increased functionality for the average user, the reduced cost promised by Moore’s

law, and the widespread capability to revise one’s work without redoing it signaled

the explosive growth of a number of well-featured and -designed applications that

adopted the desktop computer and the subsequent consignment of more traditional

approaches to specialized niches.

When the desktop GUI was ﬁrst created and made widely available, its ultimate

fate was unclear. It was derided by many experts who coined its current name: the

WIMP interface. Although WIMP stood for windows, icons, menus, and a pointer, it

implied that the users of the GUI were not the manly men who had mastered the pre-

vious, more arcane ways of interacting with computers. Ultimately, those supposedly

more manly folks were consigned to the social position of specialists or hobbyists.

We can see this pattern in many other domains: personal transport, cooking, pen-

manship, and CB radio operators.

Now we stand at the brink of another potential evolution in computing. Natural

user interfaces (NUIs) seem to be in a position similar to that occupied by the GUI

in the early 1980s. Like the desktop GUIs, NUIs promise to reduce the barriers to

computing still further, while simultaneously increasing the power of the user, and

enabling computing to access still further niches of use. But just as GUIs did not sim-

ply make command systems easier, NUIs are not simply a natural veneer over a GUI.

Instead, like GUIs, NUIs have a set of strengths based on what they make easier,

how they make those things easier, how they shape the user’s interaction with tech-

nology, which niches they ﬁt in, and whether or not these niches expand to dwarf

the space occupied by traditional GUIs.

When examining this history and anticipating the future, we should not be dis-

tracted by single instances. Many of these will be failures and will not represent any

overall trend. The failure of makes and models of some cars did not end the phase

of personal transport. The failure of many GUI products and the inevitable consoli-

dation of the marketplace did not impede the overall growth of personal computing

or prevent GUIs from pre-eminence. It is as dangerous to generalize to the future

based on a few examples as it is hard to anticipate the future when looking from

our current perspective.

In this book we do not aim to provide an exhaustive overview of the NUI. We

do not predict the future of human-computer interaction. We do not assume the

predominance of NUI-based designs. We do not provide a complete set of rules for

creating a successful NUI, because NUI is not yet at a state of evolution or standardi-

zation to allow for such a deﬁnition.

We can make some relatively safe predictions. NUIs are here to stay. They either

will ﬁnd a successful niche, like menu system ATMs, or will come to dominate the

computer landscape. If the latter comes to pass, we can still expect GUIs to persist

in specialized environments. The ultimate evolution of the NUI will be determined

not by the analysts and the critics, but by those who step forward and take the risk

to build true NUI applications. Here we offer a way to think about NUIs that is coun-

ter to the predominant metaphor. This perspective on the NUI suggests that NUIs

provide an enjoyable way for novices to move quickly and seemingly effortlessly

www.WereBook.com

6 CHAPTER 1 Introduction

to skilled practitioners. This approach involves more than being “natural” or intui-

tive. It means that the domain of use and the requirements of context are care-

fully assessed. It also means that the conventions of the GUI should be studiously

ignored. It requires careful design and rigorous research. We give some guidance on

how to do those things and how to re-conceptualize the NUI.

We offer a number of essays on the NUI and on methods that can be utilized to

achieve it, written from the perspective of two journeyman user experience experts

who have had the opportunity to immerse themselves in the nitty-gritty of design-

ing, engineering, building, testing, researching, and shipping multiple products

that have come to deﬁne the category. Overall, the essays are intended to provide a

nuanced set of perspectives on NUI systems. These perspectives range from speciﬁc

descriptions of the syntax and semantics of the NUI to broad analyses of the NUI

in terms of the history of computing. Each essay is composed of the same essential

elements. Each concludes with speciﬁc, concrete design guidelines meant to help

take words into action. Those guidelines are divided into three types: must, those

that we believe are necessary conditions to achieving a natural-feeling experience;

should, those elements that, while nonessential, have been found to add greatly to

achieving such an experience; and could, those guidelines that may apply only to

certain contexts or situations.

To frame our collection, we offer a framework that we have evolved for the

general process of the creation of a gesture-based natural user interface. The sec-

tions of this book reﬂect the phases of this process, and individual chapters provide

thoughts, tools, and methods for implementing it. This framework is an evolution

of classic methods for designing interactive systems, with the addition of elements

unique to the creation of a fundamentally new way of interacting (Figure 1.1).

Different elements of this book will appeal to different pieces of team build-

ing a touch- and gesture-based product. Chapters 2 and 3 will best be consumed

by planners and business managers. Chapters 4–11 will feel most familiar to design-

ers, who think broad thoughts early and whittle toward the ﬁnal product. Chapters

12–15 might seem most approachable by program managers, who seek quickly to

understand where they are, where they need to be, and the pitfalls along the way.

Chapters 16–21 may seem best suited to software developers and testers, who seek

to carefully deﬁne goals and test cases. Chapters 22–26 might, at ﬁrst glance, be tar-

geted to hardware engineers, who are seeking to ﬁnd the uses for different sensing

capabilities in the hardware. And Chapters 27–29 might be seen as targeting user

researchers, who seek methods for guiding the design process and goals.

Approaching this text with such a discipline-centric viewpoint, however, would

be a missed opportunity. This book has been lovingly composed by a philosopher-

researcher and a computer scientist-designer who had the opportunity to work

together closely in multidisciplinary teams to create something special. We highly

encourage all members of a team creating a NUI application to deeply engage with

this material, to understand fully our vision for natural user interfaces and our guid-

ance for how to achieve them.

www.WereBook.com

CHAPTER

The Natural User Interface

Free like freedom, not like beer.

—Richard Stallman

DESCRIPTION

The term natural is often understood to mean mimicry of the “real world.” In our

view, it is a design philosophy and a source for metrics enabling an iterative process

to create a product. In this book, we discuss touch and gestural interaction as one

modality enabling the construction of a natural user interface. However, we believe

that a NUI can be created with other input modalities as well. Indeed, one could

imagine following the design guidelines we lay out to create a new kind of inter-

face for the mouse and keyboard, voice commands, in-air gesturing, mobile phones,

and so on. Input and output technologies offer us the opportunity to create a more

natural user interface; they do not, in and of themselves, deﬁne or guarantee it. The

natural user interface lies in the UI and experiences we create for use with those

technologies and how we leverage the potential of new technologies to better mir-

ror human capabilities, optimize the path to expert, apply to given contexts and

tasks, and fulﬁll our needs.

The term natural is a powerful one, in that it quickly evokes a range of imag-

ery in those who hear it. The ﬁrst, and most important, thing to understand is that

we use it to describe a property that is actually external to the product itself. The

natural element of a natural user interface is not about the interface at all. Quite

the opposite. We see natural as referring to the way users interact with and feel

about the product, or more precisely, what they do and how they feel while they

are using it.

Most of us can only imagine how a major-league pitcher feels while standing

atop the mound. He works the dirt with his foot so that it does exactly what he

expects it to when he moves. He grips the ball in a way so familiar, it feels like part

of his body. He stares down at the catcher’s mitt. He feels at home.

www.WereBook.com

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