iOS 7编程基础：Objective-C, Xcode 和 Cocoa 基础

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"iOS 7 Programming Fundamentals by Matt Neuburg" 本书《iOS 7 Programming Fundamentals》由Matt Neuburg撰写，旨在深入讲解iOS 7的编程基础，涵盖了Objective-C、Xcode和Cocoa基础知识。这是一本面向初学者和进阶者的指南，通过它，读者可以了解到开发iOS应用所需的全部技术栈。首先，Objective-C是苹果开发平台的主要编程语言，尤其在iOS开发中占据核心地位。Objective-C是C语言的超集，它引入了Smalltalk式的消息传递机制和类的概念，使得代码更加灵活且面向对象。在iOS 7的开发中，理解Objective-C的关键概念如类别（Category）、协议（Protocol）和块（Block）至关重要。Objective-C的内存管理也是一大重点，书中可能会详细介绍如何使用ARC（Automatic Reference Counting）来自动处理内存引用计数，避免内存泄漏。 Xcode是Apple的官方集成开发环境（IDE），用于编写、测试和调试iOS应用。学习Xcode的界面布局、工程配置、构建过程以及使用Interface Builder设计用户界面是iOS开发的基础。书中会涵盖如何使用Xcode的调试工具进行代码调试，以及如何利用版本控制（如Git）进行团队协作。 Cocoa Touch是iOS应用程序的基础框架，它包括一系列的API和工具，用于构建用户界面、处理事件、存储数据等。Cocoa Touch的核心组件包括UIKit，用于创建视图和控制器，以及Foundation框架，提供了许多基础的系统服务。书中会详细讲解UIViewController的生命周期、UINavigationController和UITabBarController的使用，以及UITableView和UICollectionView的自定义。此外，iOS 7引入了一些新的特性和设计风格，如控制中心（Control Center）、背景任务更新和多任务处理。开发者需要了解如何利用这些新特性提升用户体验。例如，书中的内容可能包括如何实现滑动解锁（Swipe to Unlock）和应用的扁平化设计原则。对于数据存储，作者可能会介绍Core Data，这是Apple提供的一个强大的对象关系映射框架，用于管理应用程序的数据模型。读者将学习如何设计数据模型、执行数据库操作以及实现数据持久化。网络编程也是iOS应用不可或缺的一部分，书中的网络部分可能会涵盖URLSession的使用，它是iOS 7中取代NSURLConnection的新接口，用于处理HTTP请求。同时，作者可能会讨论JSON和XML的解析，以及如何使用Bonjour进行设备间的发现和通信。最后，这本书还会涉及测试和发布应用的相关知识，包括单元测试、UI测试以及如何通过App Store提交应用。此外，iOS的权限管理、安全实践和性能优化也会有所涉及。《iOS 7 Programming Fundamentals》是一本全面覆盖iOS开发基础知识的书籍，适合想要踏入iOS开发领域的开发者阅读。通过学习，读者将能够熟练掌握iOS应用开发的基本技能，并具备开发高质量应用的能力。

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Acknowledgments

My thanks go first and foremost to the people at O’Reilly Media who have made writing

a book so delightfully easy: Rachel Roumeliotis, Sarah Schneider, Kristen Brown, and

Adam Witwer come particularly to mind. And let’s not forget my first and long-standing

editor, Brian Jepson, who had nothing whatever to do with this edition, but whose

influence is present throughout.

I have been saved from many embarrassing errors by the sharp and dedicated eyes of

Peter Olsen, a long-time reader who faithfully posts notes to the book’s online Errata

page, apparently just because that’s the kind of amazing and dedicated person he is.

As in the past, I have been greatly aided by some fantastic software, whose excellences

I have appreciated at every moment of the process of writing this book. I should like to

mention, in particular:

• git (http://git-scm.com)

• SourceTree (http://www.sourcetreeapp.com)

•

TextMate (http://macromates.com)

• AsciiDoc (http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc)

• BBEdit (http://barebones.com/products/bbedit/)

• Snapz Pro X (http://www.ambrosiasw.com)

• GraphicConverter (http://www.lemkesoft.com)

•

OmniGraffle (http://www.omnigroup.com)

The book was typed and edited entirely on my faithful Unicomp Model M keyboard

(http://pckeyboard.com), without which I could never have done so much writing over

so long a period so painlessly. For more about my physical work environment, see http://

matt.neuburg.usesthis.com.

From the Programming iOS 4 Preface

The popularity of the iPhone, with its largely free or very inexpensive apps, and the

subsequent popularity of the iPad, have brought and will continue to bring into the fold

many new programmers who see programming for these devices as worthwhile and

doable, even though they may not have felt the same way about OS X. Apple’s own annual

WWDC developer conventions have reflected this trend, with their emphasis shifted

from OS X to iOS instruction.

The widespread eagerness to program iOS, however, though delightful on the one hand,

has also fostered a certain tendency to try to run without first learning to walk. iOS gives

the programmer mighty powers that can seem as limitless as imagination itself, but it

also has fundamentals. I often see questions online from programmers who are evidently

xiv | Preface

deep into the creation of some interesting app, but who are stymied in a way that reveals

quite clearly that they are unfamiliar with the basics of the very world in which they are

so happily cavorting.

It is this state of affairs that has motivated me to write this book, which is intended to

ground the reader in the fundamentals of iOS. I love Cocoa and have long wished to

write about it, but it is iOS and its popularity that has given me a proximate excuse to

do so. Here I have attempted to marshal and expound, in what I hope is a pedagogically

helpful and instructive yet ruthlessly Euclidean and logical order, the principles on

which sound iOS programming rests, including a good basic knowledge of Objective-

C (starting with C itself) and the nature of object-oriented programming, advice on the

use of the tools, the full story on how Cocoa objects are instantiated, referred to, put in

communication with one another, and managed over their lifetimes, and a survey of

the primary interface widgets and other common tasks. My hope, as with my previous

books, is that you will both read this book cover to cover (learning something new often

enough to keep you turning the pages) and keep it by you as a handy reference.

This book is not intended to disparage Apple’s own documentation and example

projects. They are wonderful resources and have become more wonderful as time goes

on. I have depended heavily on them in the preparation of this book. But I also find that

they don’t fulfill the same function as a reasoned, ordered presentation of the facts. The

online documentation must make assumptions as to how much you already know; it

can’t guarantee that you’ll approach it in a given order. And online documentation is

more suitable to reference than to instruction. A fully written example, no matter how

well commented, is difficult to follow; it demonstrates, but it does not teach.

A book, on the other hand, has numbered chapters and sequential pages; I can assume

you know C before you know Objective-C for the simple reason that Chapter 1 precedes

Chapter 2. And along with facts, I also bring to the table a degree of experience, which

I try to communicate to you. Throughout this book you’ll see me referring to “common

beginner mistakes”; in most cases, these are mistakes that I have made myself, in addition

to seeing others make them. I try to tell you what the pitfalls are because I assume that,

in the course of things, you will otherwise fall into them just as naturally as I did as I

was learning. You’ll also see me construct many examples piece by piece or extract and

explain just one tiny portion of a larger app. It is not a massive finished program that

teaches programming, but an exposition of the thought process that developed that

program. It is this thought process, more than anything else, that I hope you will gain

from reading this book.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.

Preface | xv

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