Oracle 11g Release 2 RAC 安装指南 for Linux & UNIX

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"Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide 11g Release 2 for Linux and UNIX" Oracle Real Application Clusters（RAC）是Oracle数据库的一项重要特性，它允许多个实例共享同一物理数据库，从而提供高可用性和可扩展性。在11g Release 2 (11.2)中，Oracle RAC针对Linux和UNIX操作系统提供了详细的安装指南。本指南的主要作者是Aparna Kamath，由众多其他贡献者共同完成，包括但不限于Douglas Williams、David Austin和Mark Bauer等。文档的版权属于2007年和2016年的Oracle及其关联公司，并遵循特定的许可协议，该协议对使用和披露软件及相关的文档有着明确的限制。在安装Oracle RAC 11g Release 2时，你需要考虑以下几个关键知识点： 1. **系统要求**：确保你的Linux或UNIX服务器满足硬件和软件的最低需求，包括CPU、内存、磁盘空间和网络配置。 2. **网络架构**：Oracle RAC依赖于Clusterware来管理集群资源，因此需要设置适当的网络环境，包括心跳网络和公共网络，以及可能的客户端访问网络。 3. **Grid Infrastructure安装**：在安装RAC之前，你需要先安装并配置Oracle Grid Infrastructure，这是Oracle RAC的基础，包含了Clusterware和Automatic Storage Management (ASM)。 4. **数据库实例配置**：每个节点上都会有一个数据库实例，这些实例共享同一个物理数据库。配置过程中需确保实例间同步和数据一致性。 5. **OCR（Oracle Cluster Registry）和Voting Disks**：OCR存储集群的配置信息，而Voting Disks用于集群的决策过程，确保高可用性。 6. **ASM**：ASM用于自动管理存储，简化了磁盘组和数据文件的管理。在安装过程中，需要创建ASM实例并配置磁盘组。 7. **集群验证工具**：在安装前使用Cluster Verification Utility (CVU)检查集群硬件和软件的兼容性，确保安装的顺利进行。 8. **安装过程**：按照指南的步骤，分别在每个节点上安装软件，然后进行集群的集成和配置。 9. **故障转移和负载均衡**：Oracle RAC支持自动故障转移，当一个节点出现故障时，服务会自动转移到另一个节点。同时，负载均衡机制可以优化资源使用。 10. **安全性和权限**：安装过程中，要正确配置用户权限，如Oracle用户和操作系统用户，以及设置适当的文件权限和所有权。 11. **性能调优**：安装后，可能需要根据工作负载进行性能调优，包括SQL优化、内存分配和I/O子系统的调整。 12. **监控和维护**：了解如何使用Oracle Enterprise Manager或其它监控工具来监视集群的健康状态和性能。这个安装指南详细涵盖了以上所有方面，为在Linux和UNIX系统上成功部署Oracle RAC 11g Release 2提供了全面的指导。通过遵循文档中的步骤，你可以有效地完成安装和配置过程，确保Oracle RAC集群的稳定运行。

xvi

Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (ACFS)

Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS) is a new

multi-platform, scalable file system and storage management design that extends

Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) technology to support all

application data. Oracle ACFS provides dynamic file system resizing, and improved

performance using the distribution, balancing and striping technology across all

available storage, and provides storage reliability through Oracle ASM's mirroring and

parity protection.

Oracle ACFS is available for Linux. It is not available for UNIX platforms at the time of

this release.

Cluster Verification Utility Fixup Scripts and Grid Infrastructure Checks

Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) has the following new features:

■ CVU can generate shell scripts (Fixup scripts) that perform the system

configuration that is required for a successful installation, in addition to

identifying system issues that can cause installation failures.

■ CVU provides additional checks to address install, configuration and operational

issues.

■ CVU is automatically called by OUI to verify prerequisites, and will prompt you to

create fixup scripts to correct many system configuration issues that prevent

installation.

Database Agent and Listeners

DBCA no longer sets the value for LOCAL_LISTENER. When Oracle Clusterware

starts the database resource, it updates the instance parameters. The LOCAL_

LISTENER is set to the virtual IP endpoint of the local node listener address. You

should not modify the setting for LOCAL_LISTENER. New installation instances only

are virtual IP addresses assigned to the cluster, rather than to individual nodes, so

cluster members can be added or removed without requiring updates of clients served

by the cluster. Upgraded databases will continue to register with all node listeners,

and additionally with the SCAN listeners.

Daylight Savings Time Upgrade of Timestamp with Timezone Data Type

When time zone version files are updated due to Daylight Saving Time changes,

TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE (TSTZ) data could become stale. In previous releases,

database administrators ran the SQL script

utltzuv2.sql

to detect TSTZ data affected

by the time zone version changes and then had to carry out extensive manual

procedures to update the TSTZ data.

TSTZ data is updated transparently with very minimal manual procedures using

newly provided DBMS_DST PL/SQL packages. In addition, there is no longer a need

for clients to patch their time zone data files.

See Also: Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for information about

preparing to upgrade Timestamp with Time Zone data, Oracle

Database Globalization Support Guide for information about how to

upgrade the Time Zone file and Timestamp with Time Zone data, and

Oracle Call Interface Programmer's Guide for information about

performance effects of clients and servers operating with different

versions of Time Zone files

xvii

Enterprise Manager Database Control Provisioning

Database Control 11g provides the capability to automatically provision Oracle

Clusterware and Oracle RAC installations on new nodes, and then extend the existing

Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC database to these provisioned nodes. This

provisioning procedure requires a successful Oracle RAC installation before you can

use this feature.

Enterprise Manager Clusterware Resource Management

You can use Enterprise Manager Cluster Home page to perform full administrative

and monitoring support for High Availability Application and Oracle Clusterware

resource management. Such administrative tasks include creating and modifying

server pools.

Grid Plug and Play

In the past, adding or removing servers in a cluster required extensive manual

preparation. Grid Plug and Play reduces the costs of installing, configuring, and

managing server nodes by using a grid naming service within the cluster to enable

each node to perform the following tasks dynamically:

■ Negotiating appropriate network identities for itself

■ Acquiring additional information it needs to operate from a configuration profile

■ Configuring or reconfiguring itself using profile data, making hostnames and

addresses resolvable on the network

As servers perform these tasks dynamically, adding and removing nodes simply

requires an administrator to connect the server to the cluster, and to enable the cluster

to configure the node. Using Grid Plug and Play, and using best practices

recommendations, adding a node to the database cluster is part of the normal server

restart, and removing a node from the cluster occurs automatically when a server is

turned off.

Improved Deployment, Deconfiguration and Deinstallation

Oracle configuration assistants provide additional guidance to ensure recommended

deployment, and to prevent configuration issues. In addition, configuration assistants

validate configurations, and provide scripts to fix issues, which you can choose to use,

or reject. If you accept the fix scripts, then configuration issues will be fixed

automatically.

Oracle configuration assistants provide the capability of deconfiguring and

deinstalling Oracle Real Application Clusters, without requiring additional manual

steps.

SCAN Addresses for Simplified Client Access

The Single Client Access Name (SCAN) is the address to provide for all clients

connecting to the cluster. The SCAN is a domain name registered to three IP addresses,

either in the domain name service (DNS) or the Grid Naming Service (GNS). SCANs

eliminate the need to change clients when nodes are added to or removed from the

cluster. Clients using SCANs can also access the cluster using Easy Connect.

See Also: Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and

Deployment Guide for information about this feature

xviii

Zero Downtime Patching for Oracle RAC

Opatch now can apply patches in multi-node, multi-patch fashion, and will not start

up instances that have a non-rolling patch applied to it, if other instances of the

database do not have that patch. Opatch also detects if the database schema is an

earlier patch level than the new patch, and it runs SQL commands to bring the schema

up to the new patch level.

Deprecated Options with Oracle RAC 11g Release 2 (11.2)

Note the following changes with this release:

■ Installing files on raw devices is no longer an option available during installation.

You must use a shared file system, or use Oracle Automatic Storage Management.

If you are upgrading from a previous release and currently use raw devices, then

your existing raw devices can continue to be used. After upgrade is complete, you

can migrate to Oracle ASM or to a shared file system if you choose.

■ The SYSDBA privilege of acting as administrator on the Oracle ASM instance is

removed with this release, unless the operating system OSDBA group for the

database is the same group that is designated as the OSASM group for Oracle

Automatic Storage Management.

■ If separate Oracle ASM access privileges are enabled, and database administrators

are not members of the OSASM group, then database administrators must be a

member of the OSDBA for Oracle ASM group to be able to access Oracle ASM files

You can designate the OSDBA group for the Oracle RAC database as the OSDBA

group for the Oracle ASM instance.

New Features for Release 1(11.1)

The following is a list of new features for Oracle RAC 11g release 1 (11.1):

Changes in Installation Documentation

With Oracle Database 11g release 1, Oracle Clusterware can be installed or configured

as an independent product, and additional documentation is provided on storage

administration. For installation planning, note the following documentation:

Oracle Database 2 Day + Real Application Clusters Guide

This book provides an overview and examples of the procedures to install and

configure a two-node Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC environment.

Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide

This platform-specific book provides procedures either to install Oracle Clusterware as

a standalone product, or to install Oracle Clusterware with either Oracle Database, or

Oracle RAC. It contains system configuration instructions that require system

administrator privileges.

See Also: Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for

Windows and UNIX

Note: Some features in this list have been superseded by changes in

the 11.2 release, particularly those listed for Oracle ASM.

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Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide

This book (the guide that you are reading) provides procedures to install Oracle RAC

after you have completed successfully an Oracle Clusterware installation. It contains

database configuration instructions for database administrators.

Oracle Database Storage Administrator’s Guide

This book provides information for database and storage administrators who

administer and manage storage, or who configure and administer Oracle Automatic

Storage Management (Oracle ASM).

Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide

This is the administrator’s reference for Oracle Clusterware. It contains information

about administrative tasks, including those that involve changes to operating system

configurations, and cloning Oracle Clusterware.

Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide

This is the administrator’s reference for Oracle RAC. It contains information about

administrative tasks. These tasks include database cloning, node addition and

deletion, Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) administration, use of SRVCTL and other

database administration utilities, and tuning changes to operating system

configurations.

Changes in the Install Options

The following are installation option changes for Oracle Database 11g:

■ Oracle Application Express: This feature is installed with Oracle Database 11g. It

was previously named HTML DB, and was available as a separate Companion CD

component.

■ Oracle Configuration Manager: Oracle Configuration Manager (OCM) is

integrated with Oracle Universal Installer. However, it is an optional component

with database and client installations. Oracle Configuration Manager, used in

previous releases as Customer Configuration Repository (CCR), is a tool that

gathers and stores details relating to the configuration of the software stored in the

Oracle ASM and database Oracle home directories.

■ Oracle Data Mining: The Enterprise Edition installation type selects Oracle

Database Mining option by default. In Oracle Database 11g, the Data Mining

metadata is created with

SYS

metadata when you select the Create Database

option.

■ Oracle Database: This feature is integrated with Oracle Universal Installer.

However, it is an optional component for database installation.

■ Oracle SQL Developer: This feature is installed by default with template-based

database installations, such as General Purpose, Transaction Processing, and Data

Warehousing. It is also installed with database client Administrator, Runtime, and

Advanced installations.

■ Oracle Warehouse Builder: This information integration tool is now installed with

both Standard and Enterprise Edition versions of the Oracle Database. With

Enterprise Edition, you can purchase additional extension processes. Installing the

Oracle Database also installs a pre-seeded repository,

OWBSYS

, necessary for using

Oracle Warehouse Builder.

■ Oracle Ultra Search: Starting with Oracle Database 11g, Oracle Ultra Search is

integrated with Oracle Database. In the previous releases, this product was

available as a Companion CD component.

■ Oracle XML DB: Starting with Oracle Database 11g, Oracle XML DB is no longer

an optional feature. It is installed and configured using Database Configuration

Assistant for all database installations.

New Components Available for Installation

The following are the new components available while installing Oracle Database 11g:

■ Oracle Application Express: Starting Oracle Database 11g, HTML DB is no longer

available as a Companion CD component. Renamed as Oracle Application

Express, this component is installed with Oracle Database 11g.

With Oracle Database 11g, Oracle Application Express replaces iSQL*Plus.

■ Oracle Configuration Manager: This feature is offered during Advanced

installation. It was previously named Customer Configuration repository (CCR). It

is an optional component for database and client installations. Oracle

Configuration Manager gathers and stores details relating to the configuration of

the software stored in database Oracle home directories.

■ Oracle Database Vault: This feature is an optional component for database

installation.

■ Oracle Real Application Testing: This feature is installed by default with the

Enterprise Edition installation type of Oracle Database 11g.

■ Oracle SQL Developer: This feature is installed by default with template-based

database installations, such as General Purpose, Transaction Processing, and Data

Warehousing. It is also installed with database client Administrator, Runtime, and

Advanced installations.

■ Oracle Warehouse Builder: This feature is now included as an option in the

Database installation.

See Also: Oracle Application Express User's Guide for more

information about Oracle Application Express

See Also: Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide for more

information about Oracle Database

See Also: Oracle Database Real Application Testing User's Guide for

more information about Oracle Real Application Testing

See Also: Oracle SQL Developer User's Guide for more information

about Oracle SQL Developer

Note: With Standard Edition and Enterprise Edition versions of

Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2), Oracle Warehouse Builder with

basic features is installed. However, with Enterprise Edition, you can

purchase options that extend Oracle Warehouse Builder.

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