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首页层次分析法(AHP),Kano模型和质量功能展开(QFD)的结合方法可改善孟加拉国拖拉机驾驶员的拖拉机座椅设计
如今,许多产品开发项目因无法达到系统要求而无法满足客户的期望,因为产品开发过程非常不系统地进行,并导致资源浪费。 客户需求和满意度度量是一项主要挑战,可以通过多种方法来实现。 本文提出了基于人机工程学和用户需求的层次分析法(AHP),Kano模型和质量函数展开方法,以改进孟加拉国拖拉机驾驶员的拖拉机座椅设计。 已对50名拖拉机驾驶员进行了调查,以确定当前座椅的问题。 通过分析数据,可以确定客户需求并使用AHP对其进行排名。 以此开发了卡诺问卷,并得到了50位拖拉机驾驶员的回答。 此后,通过集成Kano模型,进行了QFD处理以确定客户需求权重和技术需求权重,以开发改进的设计。 在研究结束时,发现这两种方法都能够优先考虑要在新的符合人体工程学设计的拖拉机座椅上实施的改装元件。 仍然有一些限制。 分析是基于50位拖拉机驾驶员进行的。 为了获得更正确的结果,可以考虑使用50个以上的驱动程序。
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American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 2020, 10, 1073-1083
https://www.scirp.org/journal/ajibm
ISSN Online: 2164-5175
ISSN Print: 2164-5167
DOI:
10.4236/ajibm.2020.105071 May 29, 2020 1073 American Journal of Industrial and Business Management
Joining Methods of Analytic Hierarchy Process
(AHP), Kano Model and Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) to Improve the Tractor’s
Seat Design for Tractor Drivers in Bangladesh
Rafat Mahmud Hridoy, Md. Shohel Parvez, Nourin Mohsin
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM), Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET),
Khulna, Bangladesh
Abstract
Nowadays, many product development projects fail as for not meeting cus-
tomer’s expectations up to the mark as product development process is con-
ducted very unsystematically and results in waste of resources. Customer re-
quirement and satisfaction measurement is a major challenge which can be
achieved through various
methods. This paper presents joining methods of
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Kano Model and Quality Function Dep-
loyment to improve the Tractor’s Seat design for tractor driver’s in Bangla-
desh in terms of ergonomic and user’s needs. A survey was done to 50 Trac-
tor drivers to identify problems of the current seat. By analyzing the data
identified the customer requirements and ranked it using AHP. With that
Kano questionnaires were developed and answered by 50 tractor drivers. Af-
ter that, with the integration of Kano model, QFD process was carried out to
determine the customer requirement weight and the technical requirement
weight to develop a modified design. At the end of the study, it was found out
that both methods were able to prioritize the modification elements to be im-
plemented into the new ergonomically designed tractor seat. Still there are
some limitations. The analysis was performed based on 50 tractor drivers. For
more correct results, more than 50 drivers could be taken into account.
Keywords
Expectations, Unsystematically, Tractor, AHP, Kano, House of Quality
1. Introduction
In the past, many researches were occurred about Kano Model and QFD inte-
How to cite this paper: Hridoy, R. M.,
Parvez
, Md. S., & Mohsin, N. (2020). Join-
ing Methods of Analytic Hierarchy Process
(AHP), Kano Model and Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) to Improve the Tra
c-
tor’s Seat Design for Tractor Drivers in
Bangladesh
.
American Journal of Industrial
and Business Management
, 10,
1073-1083.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2020.105071
Received:
April 14, 2020
Accepted:
May 26, 2020
Published:
May 29, 2020
Copyright © 20
20 by author(s) and
Scientific
Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed
under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY
4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access

R. M. Hridoy et al.
DOI:
10.4236/ajibm.2020.105071 1074 American Journal of Industrial and Business Management
gration approach for Ergonomic Design Improvement. This present study pro-
vides the data of tractor driver requirements and discusses about the AHP rank-
ing procedure of those requirements and Kano Model and QFD integration ap-
proach for Ergonomic Design Improvement. A research work discussed the
procedure of Kano questionnaire development and Kano questionnaire result
using different formulas for calculating customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction
to grade the customer requirements and also focused on the house of quality and
Kano integration for ergonomic design improvement (Adila & Siti, 2012).
Another study found out about customer satisfaction as a function of competi-
tive advantage by discussing customer satisfaction and market share and cus-
tomer satisfaction and loyalty. Authors discussed the Kano’s model of customer
satisfaction. By discussing identification of product requirements, analysing
customer problems instead of customer desires, construction of the Kano ques-
tionnaire, administering customer interviews, evaluation and interpretation,
evaluation according to frequencies, customer satisfaction coefficient and quality
improvement index they showed the customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
Further they discussed about the quality function deployment to develop projects
more successfully (Kurt & Hans, 1998).
Another analysis focused on the notion of customer satisfaction based on the
Kano model and points to the importance of product innovation in exceeding
customer satisfaction. It further proposed a combined process model for innova-
tive product development by integrating Kano’s model and the quality function
deployment (QFD) technique (Shen, Tan, & Xie, 2000). Again a study points out
a method for integration of the Kano model in Quality Function Deployment
with 289 potential consumers of draft beer mugs. In this study the integration of
the Kano model in the QFD allowed innovative requirements to receive the ne-
cessary attention in the product’s development process. It also showed the de-
velopment of a new mug of draft beer (Tontini, 2007).
Additional research work combined rough set theory, Kano model and AHP
for determining the final importance of the customer requirement. Firstly the
research used the relative reduction and relative core in rough set theory to build
a system to acquire customer requirement. Then, depending on relative positive
field in rough set, the decision system was made plainer and its corresponding
new decision system was initiated to determine the fundamental importance
ratings of customer requirement. Then by integrating scale method into AHP
approach, calculating formulas a new CR was developed. Further for every CR
based on anintegration of its rudiment importance rating, the rating of obtaining
the improvement ratio of its satisfaction estimation and “its sales point”, the fi-
nal importance rating was calculated (Li et al., 2009). Kano model also plays an
important role in quality management in matrix planning and that was shown in
various researches (Tan & Shen, 2000).
Some studies analyzed that in case of understanding customer satisfaction
Kano model is very essential as the model classifies the requirements in impor-
tant three kinds of categories. The studies further point out its importance in

R. M. Hridoy et al.
DOI:
10.4236/ajibm.2020.105071 1075 American Journal of Industrial and Business Management
fulfilling customer defined quality and customer needs by quantitative method
(Berger, Blauth, & Boger, 1993; Wang & Ji, 2010). Kano model is also essential in
designing multiple product design activities and it is possible by integrating Ka-
no model into quality function development. Combination of fuzzy Kano and
fuzzy AHP optimize variety of products for smart cameras. These characteristics
were focused on some research works (Yesim, Paul, & Erol, 2007; Chih-Hsuan &
Juite, 2014; Chaudha, Jain, & Singh, 2011). Authors worked together to imple-
ment Kano. They used various processes to ensure that Kano model actually can
delight customers and discussed about how the model does so (Sauerwein et al.,
1996).
2. Sample Population
The age of the drivers was between 24 years and 40 years, the mean of their age
being 32 years. Only male drivers were taken as sample population as no female
driver was found. Sample size was calculated by using Equation (1), (Odunaiya,
Owonuwa, and Oguntibeju, 2014). So,
n
= anticipated sample size,
N
= popula-
tion size, and
e
= accuracy level. In this study,
N
= 55,
e
= 5% at 95% confidence
level.
( )
2
1n N Ne= +
(1)
From the equation, the minimum acceptable sample size was calculated to be
48 or more. The available driver number is 50 having no physical problems and
the probability of inappropriate measurements of data or unsuitable data devia-
tion was reduced.
3. Methodology
Figure 1 illustrates the main procedure of the overall research work.
3.1. AHP Procedure
The procedure for using the AHP can be summarized as:
Figure 1. Total methodology flow chart.
Methodology
Kano and QFD
Integration for
design improvement
House of quality
analysis
Kano model analysis
AHP Analysis
Customer
requirement ranking
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