SAE J2716-2010(R)SENT.pdf

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SURFACE

VEHICLE

INFORMATION

REPORT

J2716 JAN2010

Issued 2007-04

Revised 2010-01

Superseding J2716 FEB2008

(R) SENT—Single Edge Nibble Transmission for Automotive Applications

RATIONALE

Revised based on feedback from suppliers making production versions.

1. Changes meet the new EMC standard IEC 62132-4.

2. Addition of an optional pause pulse

3. Defining a new enhanced serial message as an optional replacement for the original short serial data message

4. Clarifying the diagnostics and remedial actions for successive calibration pulses comparisons

5. Added recommended modification to 4-bit checksum calculation. Recommended checksum calculation includes

processing a zero nibble in addition to the data nibbles to protect for common error in last data nibble and checksum.

The original CRC method is retained as an option for designs already in process or production that were developed

according to previous SENT norms.

6. Added new recommended circuit topology to better handle 3.3V systems. All new sensors should use the

recommended topology. The original topology is retained as an option for designs already in process or production

that were developed according to previous SENT norms.

7. Added configuration shorthand notation

8. Updated MAF, Temperature and Pressure applications to take advantage of the new Enhanced Serial Message

9. Added EMC Susceptibility testing guidelines

10. Added reset action by transmitter

11. Changes for clarifications or to address typos.

THIS DOCUMENT IS PROTECTED BY U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT LAWS.

It may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, distributed or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means.

SAE J2716 Revised JAN2010 Page 2 of 56

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SCOPE .......................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

2. REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. 4

2.1 Applicable Publications ................................................................................................................................. 4

2.1.1 SAE Publications ........................................................................................................................................... 4

2.1.2 ISO Publications ............................................................................................................................................ 4

2.1.3 Supplier Publications .................................................................................................................................... 4

2.1.4 Other Publications ......................................................................................................................................... 5

3. DEFINITION OF TERMS .............................................................................................................................. 5

3.1 Glossary ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

3.1.1 Media ............................................................................................................................................................ 5

3.1.2 Protocol ......................................................................................................................................................... 5

3.1.3 Message ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

3.1.4 Radiated Emissions ...................................................................................................................................... 5

3.1.5 Radiated Immunity ........................................................................................................................................ 5

3.1.6 Receiver Module ........................................................................................................................................... 5

3.1.7 Transmitter Module ....................................................................................................................................... 5

3.1.8 Nominal ......................................................................................................................................................... 5

3.1.9 Pulse Period .................................................................................................................................................. 5

3.1.10 Error .............................................................................................................................................................. 6

3.1.11 Fault .............................................................................................................................................................. 6

4. ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS ...................................................................................... 6

5. SENT SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................... 6

5.1 General Requirements .................................................................................................................................. 6

5.2 Message Definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 7

5.2.1 Transmission Sequence ............................................................................................................................... 7

5.2.2 Transmission Properties of Calibration/Synchronization Pulse .................................................................... 7

5.2.3 Transmission Properties of Nibble Pulse ...................................................................................................... 7

5.2.4 Status and Communication Nibble ............................................................................................................... 8

5.2.5 Checksum Nibble ........................................................................................................................................ 12

5.2.6 Pause Pulse (Optional) ............................................................................................................................... 12

5.3 Transmission and Reception of Message ................................................................................................... 13

5.3.1 Transmission of Message ........................................................................................................................... 13

5.3.2 Adjustment of Received Message Nibble Lengths ..................................................................................... 13

5.3.3 Received Message Diagnostics .................................................................................................................. 13

5.3.4 Reset ........................................................................................................................................................... 15

5.4 Checksum Nibble Details ............................................................................................................................ 15

5.4.1 Errors Detected and Not Detected by Checksum ....................................................................................... 15

5.4.2 CRC Implementation ................................................................................................................................... 18

6. SENT PHYSICAL LAYER OPERATION..................................................................................................... 19

6.1 Normal Communication Mode and Transmission Rate .............................................................................. 19

6.2 Clock Tolerance .......................................................................................................................................... 20

6.2.1 Transmitter–Receiver Communications ...................................................................................................... 20

6.3 Electrical Interface Requirements ............................................................................................................... 21

6.3.1 Transmitter Driver Requirements ................................................................................................................ 23

6.3.2 Receiver Input Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 25

6.3.3 Bus Wiring Harness and ECU Connectors ................................................................................................. 26

6.4 ESD Immunity ............................................................................................................................................. 26

6.5 EMC Testing Requirements ........................................................................................................................ 26

6.6 Fault Protection Modes ............................................................................................................................... 26

7. CONFIGURATION SHORTHAND .............................................................................................................. 26

7.1 Shorthand Definition ................................................................................................................................... 26

8. NOTES ........................................................................................................................................................ 27

8.1 Marginal Indicia ........................................................................................................................................... 27

THIS DOCUMENT IS PROTECTED BY U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT LAWS.

It may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, distributed or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means.

SAE J2716 Revised JAN2010 Page 3 of 56

APPENDIX A RECOMMENDED APPLICATION SPECIFIC PROTOCOLS ..................................................................... 28

APPENDIX B CHECKSUM EXAMPLES ........................................................................................................................... 46

APPENDIX C EMC SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING GUIDELINES ...................................................................................... 48

APPENDIX D SLOW CHANNEL MESSAGE IDS ............................................................................................................. 50

FIGURE 5.2.1-1 – EXAMPLE ENCODING SCHEME FOR TWO 12 BIT SIGNALS ......................................................... 7

FIGURE 5.2.3-1 – EXAMPLE NOMINAL NIBBLE TIMES .................................................................................................. 8

FIGURE 5.2.3-2 – CONTINUED EXAMPLE NIBBLE VALUES ......................................................................................... 8

FIGURE 5.2.4.1-1 - CONSTRUCTION OF SHORT SERIAL DATA MESSAGE FROM 16 SENT MESSAGES ................. 9

FIGURE 5.2.4.2-1 - CONSTRUCTION OF ENHANCED SERIAL DATA MESSAGE FROM 18 SENT MESSAGES ....... 10

FIGURE 5.2.4.2-2 - ENHANCED SERIAL MESSAGE FORMAT WITH 12-BIT DATA FIELD AND 8-BIT MESSAGE ID 10

FIGURE 5.2.4.2-3 - ENHANCED SERIAL MESSAGE FORMAT WITH 16-BIT DATA FIELD AND 4-BIT MESSAGE ID 11

FIGURE 5.2.4.3-1 - ORDER OF THE MESSAGE BITS, 24-BIT MESSAGE USED FOR CRC GENERATION ............... 11

FIGURE 5.3.3.1-1 - ERROR PATTERN FOR SUCCESSIVE CALIBRATION PULSE DETECTION. ............................... 14

FIGURE 5.3.3.1-2 - SUCCESSIVE CALIBRATION PULSE DETECTION. ........................................................................ 15

FIGURE 6.2.1-1 – CLOCK DRIFT ERROR AND JITTER REQUIREMENTS VERSUS NOMINAL CLOCK TICK ......... 21

FIGURE 6.3-1 – LEGACY SENT RECEIVER INTERFACE CIRCUIT TOPOLOGY ..................................................... 22

FIGURE 6.3-2 – RECOMMENDED SENT SYSTEM INTERFACE CIRCUIT TOPOLOGY .......................................... 22

FIGURE 6.3-3 – EXAMPLE LEGACY SENT SYSTEM INTERFACE CIRCUIT TOPOLOGY ...................................... 23

FIGURE 6.3-4 – EXAMPLE RECOMMENDED SENT SYSTEM INTERFACE CIRCUIT TOPOLOGY ........................ 23

FIGURE 6.3.1-1 – EXAMPLE SENT SHAPED WAVEFORM TRANSMITTER OUTPUT ............................................... 24

TABLE 5.2.4.1-1 - STATUS AND COMMUNICATION NIBBLE DESCRIPTION ............................................................... 8

TABLE 5.2.4.3-1 - UNDETECTED 3 AND 4 BIT ERRORS.............................................................................................. 12

TABLE 5.4.1-1 - BIT FLIP PATTERNS OVER TWO NIBBLES NOT DETECTABLE USING THE

CRC POLYNOMIAL ............................................................................................................................ 15

TABLE 5.4.1-2 - CHECKSUM MISSED DETECTION RATE, EDGE SHIFT BETWEEN TWO NIBBLES

(VALID FRAMES ONLY, RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION) .................................................... 16

TABLE 5.4.1-3 - CHECKSUM MISSED DETECTION RATE, ASYMMETRICAL EDGE SHIFT OFFSET BY 1

BETWEEN TWO NIBBLES (VALID FRAMES ONLY, RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION) ....... 17

TABLE 6.2.1-1 – COMMUNICATION CLOCK TOLERANCE ........................................................................................ 20

TABLE 6.3.1-1 – TRANSMITTER DRIVER REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................... 24

TABLE 6.3.2-1 – RECEIVER INPUT REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................ 25

TABLE 6.3.2-2 – RECEIVER POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................. 25

TABLE 7.1-1 – SENT CONFIGURATION SHORTHAND DEFINITION ..................................................................... 27

THIS DOCUMENT IS PROTECTED BY U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT LAWS.

It may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, distributed or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means.

SAE J2716 Revised JAN2010 Page 4 of 56

1. SCOPE

This document defines a level of standardization in the implementation of the digital pulse scheme for reporting sensor

information via Single Edge Nibble Transmission (SENT) encoding. This standard will allow ECU and tool manufacturers

to satisfy the needs of multiple end users with minimum modifications to the basic design. This standard will benefit

vehicle Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) by achieving lower ECU costs due to higher industry volumes of the

basic design.

Requirements stated in this document provide a minimum standard level of performance to which all compatible ECUs

and media shall be designed. This assures data communication among all connected devices regardless of supplier.

The intended audience includes, but is not limited to, ECU suppliers, sensor suppliers, component release engineers and

vehicle system engineers.

1.1 Overview

The Single Edge Nibble Transmission encoding scheme (SENT) is intended for use in applications where high resolution

sensor data needs to be communicated from a sensor to an Engine Control Unit (ECU). It is intended as a replacement

for the lower resolution methods of 10 bit A/D’s and PWM and as a simpler low cost alternative to CAN or LIN. The

implementation assumes that the sensor is a smart sensor containing a microprocessor or dedicated logic device (ASIC)

to create the signal.

SENT is a unidirectional communications scheme from sensor / transmitting device to controller /receiving device which

does not include a coordination signal from the controller/receiving device. The sensor signal is transmitted as a series of

pulses with data encoded as falling to falling edge periods. Details of the signal encoding may vary for specific sensor

applications described in various appendices of this specification.

2. REFERENCES

2.1 Applicable Publications

The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the

latest version of SAE publications shall apply.

2.1.1 SAE Publications

Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and

Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org

SAE J551 (All parts) Performance Levels and Methods of Measurement of Electromagnetic Compatibility for Vehicles

and Devices

SAE J1113 (All parts) Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures for Vehicle Components

SAE J1930 Electrical/Electronic Systems Diagnostic Terms, Definitions, Abbreviation and Acronyms

2.1.2 ISO Publications

Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org

None.

2.1.3 Supplier Publications

None.

THIS DOCUMENT IS PROTECTED BY U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT LAWS.

It may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, distributed or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means.

SAE J2716 Revised JAN2010 Page 5 of 56

2.1.4 Other Publications

CISPR 25 Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Disturbance Characteristics for the Protection of

Receivers Used On Board Vehicles (available at webstore.iec.ch

ES-XW7T-1A278-AC Ford Component and Subsystem Electromagnetic Compatibility Worldwide Requirements and

Test Procedures (available at www.fordemc.com

. This document shall be referred to as the Ford

EMC Spec.)

GMW3097 General Specification for Electrical / Electronic Components and Subsystems, Electromagnetic

Compatibility (this document will be referred to as the GM EMC Spec.)

3. DEFINITION OF TERMS

3.1 Glossary

3.1.1 Media

The physical entity that conveys the electrical (or equivalent means of communication) signal transmission between

electronic devices.

3.1.2 Protocol

The formal set of conventions or rules for the exchange of information between electronic devices. This includes the

specification of the signal frame administration, frame transfer and physical layer.

3.1.3 Message

One sequence of calibration pulse and specified number of nibble pulses for that implementation. The number of nibbles

is constant for each implementation but the individual message times can vary depending on the specific values of the

nibbles.

3.1.4 Radiated Emissions

The energy that radiates from the physical layer.

3.1.5 Radiated Immunity

The level of susceptibility of physical layer components to communication errors in the presence of high energy

electromagnetic fields.

3.1.6 Receiver Module

The processor that receives the encoded signal. Generally an ECU with falling-edge detection and timing measurement

capabilities.

3.1.7 Transmitter Module

The device that generates the message to the receiver module. Generally a smart sensor.

3.1.8 Nominal

Time period assuming no transmitter clock error.

3.1.9 Pulse Period

Time between consecutive falling edges of the transmitting signal.

THIS DOCUMENT IS PROTECTED BY U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT LAWS.

It may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, distributed or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means.

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