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规范

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The OpenGL

R

Graphics System:

A Speciﬁcation

(Version 3.2 (Core Proﬁle) - July 24, 2009)

Mark Segal

Kurt Akeley

Editor (version 1.1): Chris Frazier

Editor (versions 1.2-3.2): Jon Leech

Editor (version 2.0): Pat Brown

This speciﬁcation is protected by copyright laws and contains material proprietary

to the Khronos Group, Inc. It or any components may not be reproduced, repub-

lished, distributed, transmitted, displayed, broadcast or otherwise exploited in any

manner without the express prior written permission of Khronos Group. You may

use this speciﬁcation for implementing the functionality therein, without altering or

removing any trademark, copyright or other notice from the speciﬁcation, but the

receipt or possession of this speciﬁcation does not convey any rights to reproduce,

disclose, or distribute its contents, or to manufacture, use, or sell anything that it

may describe, in whole or in part.

Khronos Group grants express permission to any current Promoter, Contributor

or Adopter member of Khronos to copy and redistribute UNMODIFIED versions

of this speciﬁcation in any fashion, provided that NO CHARGE is made for the

speciﬁcation and the latest available update of the speciﬁcation for any version

of the API is used whenever possible. Such distributed speciﬁcation may be re-

formatted AS LONG AS the contents of the speciﬁcation are not changed in any

way. The speciﬁcation may be incorporated into a product that is sold as long as

such product includes signiﬁcant independent work developed by the seller. A link

to the current version of this speciﬁcation on the Khronos Group web-site should

be included whenever possible with speciﬁcation distributions.

Khronos Group makes no, and expressly disclaims any, representations or war-

ranties, express or implied, regarding this speciﬁcation, including, without limita-

tion, any implied warranties of merchantability or ﬁtness for a particular purpose

or non-infringement of any intellectual property. Khronos Group makes no, and

expressly disclaims any, warranties, express or implied, regarding the correctness,

accuracy, completeness, timeliness, and reliability of the speciﬁcation. Under no

circumstances will the Khronos Group, or any of its Promoters, Contributors or

Members or their respective partners, ofﬁcers, directors, employees, agents or rep-

resentatives be liable for any damages, whether direct, indirect, special or conse-

quential damages for lost revenues, lost proﬁts, or otherwise, arising from or in

connection with these materials.

Khronos is a trademark of The Khronos Group Inc. OpenGL is a registered trade-

mark, and OpenGL ES is a trademark, of Silicon Graphics International.

CONTENTS ii

2.9.1 Creating and Binding Buffer Objects . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2.9.2 Creating Buffer Object Data Stores . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

2.9.3 Mapping and Unmapping Buffer Data . . . . . . . . . . . 39

2.9.4 Effects of Accessing Outside Buffer Bounds . . . . . . . 43

2.9.5 Copying Between Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

2.9.6 Vertex Arrays in Buffer Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

2.9.7 Array Indices in Buffer Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2.9.8 Buffer Object State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2.10 Vertex Array Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2.11 Vertex Shaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

2.11.1 Shader Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

2.11.2 Program Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

2.11.3 Vertex Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2.11.4 Uniform Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

2.11.5 Samplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

2.11.6 Varying Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2.11.7 Shader Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

2.11.8 Required State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

2.12 Geometry Shaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

2.12.1 Geometry Shader Input Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

2.12.2 Geometry Shader Output Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

2.12.3 Geometry Shader Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

2.12.4 Geometry Shader Execution Environment . . . . . . . . . 84

2.13 Coordinate Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

2.13.1 Controlling the Viewport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

2.14 Asynchronous Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

2.15 Conditional Rendering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

2.16 Transform Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

2.17 Primitive Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

2.18 Flatshading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

2.19 Primitive Clipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

2.19.1 Clipping Shader Varying Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

3 Rasterization 100

3.1 Discarding Primitives Before Rasterization . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

3.2 Invariance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

3.3 Antialiasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

3.3.1 Multisampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

3.4 Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

3.4.1 Basic Point Rasterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

OpenGL 3.2 (Core Proﬁle) - July 24, 2009

CONTENTS iii

3.4.2 Point Rasterization State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

3.4.3 Point Multisample Rasterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

3.5 Line Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

3.5.1 Basic Line Segment Rasterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

3.5.2 Other Line Segment Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

3.5.3 Line Rasterization State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

3.5.4 Line Multisample Rasterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

3.6 Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

3.6.1 Basic Polygon Rasterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

3.6.2 Antialiasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

3.6.3 Options Controlling Polygon Rasterization . . . . . . . . 114

3.6.4 Depth Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

3.6.5 Polygon Multisample Rasterization . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

3.6.6 Polygon Rasterization State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

3.7 Pixel Rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

3.7.1 Pixel Storage Modes and Pixel Buffer Objects . . . . . . . 117

3.7.2 Transfer of Pixel Rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

3.8 Texturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

3.8.1 Texture Image Speciﬁcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

3.8.2 Alternate Texture Image Speciﬁcation Commands . . . . 143

3.8.3 Compressed Texture Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

3.8.4 Multisample Textures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

3.8.5 Buffer Textures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

3.8.6 Texture Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

3.8.7 Depth Component Textures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

3.8.8 Cube Map Texture Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

3.8.9 Texture Miniﬁcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

3.8.10 Texture Magniﬁcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

3.8.11 Combined Depth/Stencil Textures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

3.8.12 Texture Completeness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

3.8.13 Texture State and Proxy State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

3.8.14 Texture Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

3.8.15 Texture Comparison Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

3.8.16 sRGB Texture Color Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

3.8.17 Shared Exponent Texture Color Conversion . . . . . . . . 178

3.9 Fragment Shaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

3.9.1 Shader Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

3.9.2 Shader Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

3.10 Antialiasing Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

3.11 Multisample Point Fade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

OpenGL 3.2 (Core Proﬁle) - July 24, 2009

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2016-01-05

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