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Oracle Database 11g Release 2 RAC On Linux Using VirtualBox
This article describes the installation of Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2 64-bit) RAC on Linux (Oracle Linux
5.5 64-bit) using VirtualBox (3.2.8) with no additional shared disk devices.
Introduction
Download Software
VirtualBox Installation
Virtual Machine Setup
Guest Operating System Installation
Oracle Installation Prerequisites
Install Guest Additions
Create Shared Disks
Clone the Virtual Machine
Install the Grid Infrastructure
Install the Database
Check the Status of the RAC
Introduction
One of the biggest obstacles preventing people from setting up test RAC environments is the requirement for
shared storage. In a production environment, shared storage is often provided by a SAN or high-end NAS device,
but both of these options are very expensive when all you want to do is get some experience installing and using
RAC. A cheaper alternative is to use a FireWire disk enclosure to allow two machines to access the same disk(s),
but that still costs money and requires two servers. A third option is to use virtualization to fake the shared storage.
Using VirtualBox you can run multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) on a single server, allowing you to run both RAC
nodes on a single machine. In additon, it allows you to set up shared virtual disks, overcoming the obstacle of
expensive shared storage.
Before you launch into this installation, here are a few things to consider.
The finished system includes the host operating system, two guest operating systems, two sets of Oracle
Grid Infrastructure (Clusterware + ASM) and two Database instances all on a single server. As you can
imagine, this requires a significant amount of disk space, CPU and memory. I completed this installation on
a Quad-Core processor with 8G of memory, so don't expect to work on a low spec machine.
Following on from the last point, the VMs will each need at least 2G of RAM (3G for 11.2.0.2), preferably 3-
4G if you don't want the VMs to swap like crazy. As you can see, 11gR2 RAC requires much more memory
than 11gR1 RAC. Don't assume you will be able to run this on a small PC or laptop. You won't.
This procedure provides a bare bones installation to get the RAC working. There is no redundancy in the
Grid Infrastructure installation or the ASM installation. To add this, simply create double the amount of
shared disks and select the "Normal" redundancy option when it is offered. Of course, this will take more
disk space.
During the virtual disk creation, I always choose not to preallocate the disk space. This makes virtual disk
access slower during the installation, but saves on wasted disk space. The shared disks must have their
space preallocated.
This is not, and should not be considered, a production-ready system. It's simply to allow you to get used to
installing and using RAC.
The Single Client Access Name (SCAN) should really be defined in the DNS or GNS and round-robin
between one of 3 addresses, which are on the same subnet as the public and virtual IPs. In this article I've
defined it as a single IP address in the "/etc/hosts" file, which is wrong and will cause the cluster verification
to fail, but it allows me to complete the install without the presence of a DNS.
The virtual machines can be limited to 2Gig of swap, which causes a prerequisite check failure, but doesn't
prevent the installation working. If you want to avoid this, define 3+Gig of swap.
This article uses the 64-bit versions of Oracle Linux and Oracle 11g Release 2.
Download Software
Download the following software.
Oracle Linux 5.5
VirtualBox (Must be version 3.2.8 or later)
Oracle 11g Release 2 (11.2) Software (64 bit)
VirtualBox Installation
First, install the VirtualBox software. On RHEL and its clones you do this with the following command as the root
user.
Once complete, VirtualBox is started from the "Applications > System Tools > Oracle VM VirtualBox" menu option.
Virtual Machine Setup
Now we must define the two virtual RAC nodes. We can save time by defining one VM, then cloning it when it is
installed.
Start VirtualBox and click the "New" button on the toolbar. Click the "Next" button on the first page of the Virtual
Machine Wizard.
Enter the name "rac1", OS "Linux" and Version "Oracle (64 bit)", then click the "Next" button.
Enter "2048" as the base memory size, then click the "Next" button.
Accept the default option to create a new virtual hard disk by clicking the "Next" button.
Click the "Next" button on the Create Virtual Disk Wizard welcome screen.
Acccept the default option by clicking the "Next" button.
Accept the default location and set the size to "20G" and click the "Next" button.
Click the "Finish" button on the Virtual Disk Wizard Summary screen.
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