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ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1D, 1998 Edition
[Incorporates ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1D, 1993 Edition, IEEE P802.1p,
IEEE Std 802.1j-1996, IEEE Std 802.6k-1992,
IEEE Std 802.11c-1998, and IEEE P802.12e]
(Adopted by ISO/IEC and redesignated as
ISO/IEC 15802-3:1998)
IEEE Standard for Information technology—
Telecommunications and information exchange between systems—
Local and metropolitan area networks—
Common specifications
Part 3: Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges
Sponsor
LAN/MAN Standards Committee
of the
IEEE Computer Society
Adopted by the ISO/IEC and redesignated as
ISO/IEC 15802-3:1998
iv
Copyright © 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved.
ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1D, 1998 Edition
IEEE Standards
documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of
the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without
compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent a con-
sensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as those activities outside of IEEE that have
expressed an interest in participating in the development of the standard.
Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other
ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE
Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change
brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. Every
IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every five years for revision or reaffirmation. When a document is more
than five years old and has not been reaffirmed, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value,
do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edi-
tion of any IEEE Standard.
Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliation
with IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with
appropriate supporting comments.
Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate to spe-
cific applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiate action
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Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board
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Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of sub-
ject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with
respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not
be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or
for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its
attention. A patent holder has filed a statement of assurance that it will grant licenses under these
rights without compensation or under reasonable rates and nondiscriminatory, reasonable terms
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tion as to the reasonableness of rates and/or terms and conditions of the license agreements offered
by patent holders. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Department.
Copyright © 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved.
v
Introduction to ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1D, 1998 Edition
[This introduction is not part of ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1D, 1998 Edition, Information technology—Telecommunications
and information exchange between systems—Local and metropolitan area networks—Common specifications—Part 3:
Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges.]
This standard is part of a family of standards for local and metropolitan area networks. The relationship
between the standard and other members of the family is shown below. (The numbers in the figure refer to
IEEE standard numbers.)
This family of standards deals with the Physical and Data Link layers as defined by the International Organi-
zation for Standardization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Basic Reference Model (ISO/IEC
7498-1 : 1994). The access standards define seven types of medium access technologies and associated
physical media, each appropriate for particular applications or system objectives. Other types are under
investigation.
The standards defining the technologies noted above are as follows:
• IEEE Std 802
Overview and Architecture.
This standard provides an overview to the fam-
ily of IEEE 802 Standards.
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1B
and 802.1k
[ISO/IEC 15802-2]
LAN/MAN Management.
Defines an OSI management-compatible architec-
ture, and services and protocol elements for use in a LAN/MAN environ-
ment for performing remote management.
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1D
[ISO/IEC 15802-3]
Media Access Control
(MAC) Bridges.
Specifies an architecture and protocol
for the interconnection of IEEE 802 LANs below the MAC service boundary.
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1E
[ISO/IEC 15802-4]
System Load Protocol.
Specifies a set of services and protocol for those aspects
of management concerned with the loading of systems on IEEE 802 LANs.
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1F
Common Definitions and Procedures for IEEE 802 Management Information
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1G
[ISO/IEC 15802-5]
Remote Media Access Control
(MAC) bridging
. Specifies extensions for the
interconnection, using non-LAN communication technologies, of geographically
separated IEEE 802 LANs below the level of the logical link control protocol.
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.2
[ISO/IEC 8802-2]
Logical link control
* Formerly IEEE Std 802.1A.
DATA
LINK
LAYER
PHYSICAL
802.2 LOGICAL LINK CONTROL
802.1 BRIDGING
802.1 MANAGEMENT
802 OVERVIEW & ARCHITECTURE*
802.10 SECURITY
802.3
MEDIUM
ACCESS
802.3
PHYSICAL
802.4
MEDIUM
ACCESS
802.4
PHYSICAL
802.5
MEDIUM
ACCESS
802.5
PHYSICAL
802.6
MEDIUM
ACCESS
802.6
PHYSICAL
802.9
MEDIUM
ACCESS
802.9
PHYSICAL
802.11
MEDIUM
ACCESS
802.11
PHYSICAL
802.12
MEDIUM
ACCESS
802.12
PHYSICAL
LAYER
802.14
MEDIUM
ACCESS
802.14
PHYSICAL
vi
Copyright © 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved.
Conformance test methodology
An additional standards series, identified by the number 1802, has been established to identify the conform-
ance test methodology documents for the 802 family of standards. Thus the conformance test documents for
802.3 are numbered 1802.3.
ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1D, 1998 Edition
The MAC Bridge standardization activities that resulted in the development of IEEE Std 802.1D-1990 (sub-
sequently republished as ISO/IEC 10038:1993 [IEEE Std 802.1D, 1993 Edition]) specified an architecture
and protocol for the interconnection of IEEE 802 LANs below the MAC Service boundary. IEEE Std
802.1D-1990 also introduced the concept of filtering services in Bridged LANs, and mechanisms whereby
filtering information in such LANs may be acquired and held in a Filtering Database. This revision of ISO/
IEC 10038: 1993 extends this concept of filtering services in order to define additional capabilities in
Bridged LANs aimed at the following:
a) The provision of expedited traffic capabilities, to support the transmission of time-critical informa-
tion in a LAN environment;
b) The provision of filtering services that support the dynamic definition and establishment of Groups
in a LAN environment, and the filtering of frames by Bridges such that frames addressed to a given
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.3
[ISO/IEC 8802-3]
CSMA/CD access method and physical layer specifications
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.4
[ISO/IEC 8802-4]
Token passing bus access method and physical layer specifications
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.5
[ISO/IEC 8802-5]
Token ring access method and physical layer specifications
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.6
[ISO/IEC 8802-6]
Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) access method and physical layer
specifications
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.9
[ISO/IEC 8802-9]
Integrated Services (IS) LAN Interface at the Medium Access Control
(MAC) and Physical (PHY) Layers
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.10
Interoperable LAN/MAN Security
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.11
[ISO/IEC DIS 8802-11]
Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and physical layer specifi-
cations
• ANSI/IEEE Std 802.12
[ISO/IEC 8802-12]
Demand-priority access method, physical layer and repeater specifica-
tions
In addition to the family of standards, the following is a recommended practice for a common Physical
Layer technology:
• IEEE Std 802.7
IEEE Recommended Practice for Broadband Local Area Networks
The following additional working group has authorized standards projects under development:
• IEEE 802.14
Standard Protocol for Cable-TV Based Broadband Communication Network
Copyright © 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved.
vii
Group are forwarded only on those LAN segments that are required in order to reach the members of
that Group.
To this end, this document incorporates a set of changes and additions to ISO/IEC 10038: 1993 that define
the following:
a) The nature of Filtering Services in Bridged LANs;
b) The concept of Traffic Classes and the effect on the operation of the Forwarding Process of support-
ing multiple Traffic Classes in Bridges;
c) The structure of the Filtering Database that is needed in order to support Dynamic Multicast Filter-
ing services;
d) The registration protocol that is required in order to provide Dynamic Multicast Filtering Services;
e) The management services and operations that are required in order to support administration of
Dynamic Multicast Filtering Services.
Relationship between IEEE Std 802.1D and IEEE P802.1Q
A further IEEE standard under development, IEEE P802.1Q, extends the concepts of filtering services and
MAC Bridging in order to provide a set of capabilities that allow MAC Bridges to support the definition and
management of Virtual LANs (VLANs).
The capabilities defined in IEEE P802.1Q include the definition of a VLAN frame format that is able to
carry VLAN identification and user priority information over LAN technologies, such as CSMA/CD, that
have no inherent capability to signal priority information. This information is carried in an additional header
field, known as the
Tag Header
, which is inserted immediately following the Destination MAC Address, and
Source MAC Address (and Routing Information field, if present) of the original frame. IEEE P802.1Q
extends the priority handling aspects of this standard to make use of the ability of the VLAN frame format to
carry user priority information end to end across any set of concatenated underlying MACs.
The VLAN Bridging specification contained in IEEE 802.1Q is independent of this standard, in the sense
that IEEE 802.1Q makes a separate and distinct statement of the conformance requirements for VLAN
Bridges from the conformance requirements for MAC Bridges defined in this standard. However, IEEE
802.1Q makes use of many of the elements of the specification contained in this standard, in particular
a) The Bridge architecture;
b) The Internal Sublayer Service, and the specification of its provision by IEEE 802 LAN MACs;
c) The major features of the operation of the Forwarding Process;
d) The Spanning Tree Algorithm and Protocol;
e) The Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP); and
f) The GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP).
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