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General Specification
Electrical/Electronic
FMC1278
3
rd
Edition
November 01, 2018 Printed copies are uncontrolled
Electromagnetic Compatibility Specification
For Low and High Voltage Electrical/Electronic
Components and Subsystems
Foreword
This engineering specification addresses Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements for low
voltage (LV) and high voltage (HV) electrical/electronic (E/E) components and subsystems during normal
vehicle operation. By comparison EMC requirements for HV components/subsystems that are active
during vehicle (EV, PHEV) battery charging while connected to the AC mains power grid or an external
DC charging device are found in FMC 1280. Together, FMC 1278 and FMC 1280 are used to validate
EMC performance for all E/E commodities.
FMC 1278 and FMC 1280 are directly linked to RQT-002700-000417 (Legacy Requirement ARL-09-
0466). These requirements assure vehicle level compliance with existing regulatory requirements in all
countries in addition to assuring customer satisfaction regarding the EMC of vehicle E/E systems. This
specification replaces FMC1278 dated October 7, 2016.
This version of FMC1278 is applicable to all E/E components/subsystems planned for use in all vehicle
applications that are planned for production in 2021 model year and beyond. Applicability also extends to
E/E component/subsystems whose commercial agreements are signed after 12/1/2018. Note that some
new requirements have been added to address existing regulatory requirements on current model vehicles.
For this reason, consideration should be given toward early adoption of these new and updated
requirements.
FMC1278 is applicable to component and subsystems that are active during all vehicle operating modes
except during REESS charging while the vehicle (EV, PHEV) is connected to an external power grid (AC
or fast DC charging). Requirements associated with REESS charging may be found in FMC1280
FMC1278, along with FMC1280 is available for download from the Ford Engineering Design
Environment (FEDE) under requirement RQT-002700-000417. Both are also available for download from
www.fordemc.com Corrections and/or editorial updates to this specification will be made as required and
without prior notification to the user. It is recommended that the user verify they have the latest version of
the specification prior to application to their E/E component/subsystem. Differences between this
specification and its prior release may be found in Annex I
FMC1278
3
rd
Edition
© Copyright Ford Motor Company – All Rights Reserved Page 2 of 141
November 01, 2018
Table of Contents:
FOREWORD 1
1.0 SCOPE.......................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.0 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................................. 5
3.0 ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, DEFINITIONS, & SYMBOLS .............................................................. 5
4.0 FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION AND FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE STATUS ............................... 9
5.0 COMMON TEST REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................... 10
6.0 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................................. 12
7.0 REQUIREMENT APPLICABILITY ........................................................................................................... 14
8.0 RADIATED RF EMISSIONS: RE 310 ........................................................................................................ 18
9.0 CONDUCTED RF EMISSIONS: CE 420 .................................................................................................... 26
10.0 CONDUCTED EMISSIONS: CE 421 .......................................................................................................... 29
11.0 CONDUCTED TRANSIENT EMISSIONS: CE 410 .................................................................................... 32
12.0 RF IMMUNITY: RI 112, RI 114, RI 115 .................................................................................................... 35
13.0 MAGNETIC FIELD IMMUNITY: RI 140................................................................................................... 54
14.0 COUPLED IMMUNITY: RI 130 ................................................................................................................. 58
15.0 COUPLED IMMUNITY: RI 150 ................................................................................................................. 61
16.0 IMMUNITY FROM CONTINUOUS POWER LINE DISTURBANCES: CI 210......................................... 63
17.0 IMMUNITY FROM TRANSIENT DISTURBANCES: CI 220 ................................................................... 66
18.0 IMMUNITY FROM TRANSIENT DISTURBANCES: CI 221 ................................................................... 70
19.0 IMMUNITY FROM LOAD DUMP: CI 222 ............................................................................................... 72
20.0 IMMUNITY FROM POWER CYCLING: CI 230........................................................................................ 75
21.0 IMMUNITY FROM POWER CYCLING: CI 231....................................................................................... 79
22.0 IMMUNITY TO GROUND VOLTAGE OFFSET: CI 250 .......................................................................... 80
23.0 IMMUNITY TO VOLTAGE DROPOUT: CI 260....................................................................................... 86
24.0 IMMUNITY TO VOLTAGE OVERSTRESS: CI 270 (DELETED) ............................................................ 91
25.0 ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE: CI 280 ................................................................................................. 92
26.0 EMF: RE 320 .............................................................................................................................................. 98
27.0 RADIATED LF EMISSIONS: RE 330 ...................................................................................................... 102
ANNEX A FIELD CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR ALSE METHOD BANDS 7 AND 8) ................................... 105
ANNEX B (NORMATIVE): MODULATION & LEVELING REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIATED IMMUNITY ..... 110
ANNEX C (NORMATIVE): RI115 CHARACTERIZATION PROCEDURES ........................................................... 112
ANNEX D (NORMATIVE): CI 220, CI 221, C222 TRANSIENT WAVEFORM DESCRIPTIONS ............................. 120
ANNEX E (NORMATIVE): TRANSIENT TEST GENERATOR (PULSES A1, A2 AND C) ..................................... 129
ANNEX F (NORMATIVE): LOAD SIMULATOR REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................... 132
ANNEX G (NORMATIVE): RI 130, RI 150 TEST FIXTURE AND APPLICATION................................................. 136
ANNEX H (NORMATIVE): CI 220 & CI 222 TRANSIENT WAVEFORM APPLICATION ..................................... 138
ANNEX I (NORMATIVE): SPECIFICATION UPDATES ....................................................................................... 140
FMC1278
3
rd
Edition
© Copyright Ford Motor Company – All Rights Reserved Page 3 of 141
November 01, 2018
1.0 Scope
This engineering specification defines the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements, test methods and test
procedures for electrical/electronic (E/E) components and subsystems used by Ford Motor Company (FMC).
1.1 Purpose of the Specification
The purpose of this engineering specification is to ensure vehicle Electromagnetic Compatibility. This specification presents
EMC requirements and test methods that have been developed for design verification of E/E components and subsystems
independent of the vehicle. Successful completion of this verification directly supports FMC’s Production Product
Acceptance Process (PPAP). Verification testing must be successfully completed before VP MRD. See FMC1279 for
detailed requirements.
1.2 Use of this Specification
The requirements and test methods in this engineering specification are based on international standards wherever possible.
If international standards do not exist, military, and internal corporate standards are used. Under some circumstances, unique
requirements and test methods are presented that experience has shown to better represent the vehicle electromagnetic
environment. Refer to the definitions in Section 3.0 for clarification of terms. Should a conflict exist between this
specification and any of the referenced documents, the requirements of this specification shall prevail. These requirements
do not supersede any applicable regulatory requirements. Where such requirements exist, separate validation testing may be
required.
This specification applies to all components and subsystems that reference EMC in their engineering specification.
Components may be referred to in this specification as a component, device, module, motor, product or DUT (device under
test). The following steps shall be taken by the FMC Design and Release (D&R) activity and their supplier for assuring EMC
compliance of their component or subsystem:
1. Provide the supplemental information needed to classify the E/E component/subsystem functional importance
classification(s) (refer to section 4).
2. Identify which tests are applicable (refer to section 7).
3. Identify operating modes and acceptance criteria specific to the component or subsystem.
4. Develop an EMC test plan per section 5.2 in FMC1279 (formally EMC-P-2009).
5. Perform testing at a FMC recognized test facility.
6. Submit the test results to the FMC EMC department. See section 6.6 for reporting requirements.
7. FMC reviews and assesses the test results and verify compliance.
It is important to emphasize that the FMC D&R activity and their supplier (not the FMC EMC department) are responsible
for determining the operating modes and acceptance criteria for their component or subsystem (step 3). The FMC EMC
department with support from the FMC D&R activity are responsible for verifying that the requirements delineated in this
specification are met. The supplier is responsible for performing the verification testing in accordance with the requirements
of this specification.
Compliance to these EMC requirements shall be determined by the FMC after review of the test results generated by
the test laboratory. The supplier may not self-certify compliance to these specifications.
See section 6.6 for additional detail concerning this requirement.
1.2.1 Special Circumstances
The requirements specified herein apply to all E/E components and subsystems. However, under special circumstances (e.g.
unique packaging environment), selected requirements may be revised or waived. These revisions or waivers are only
permissible after a joint review and documented agreement between the FMC functional owner and the FMC EMC
department. Those revisions/waivers must be also documented in the affected component or subsystem hardware
specification prior to commencement of any sign-off related testing. Agreed to revisions or waivers do not relieve the
component or subsystem from meeting the vehicle level requirements (see section 1.2).
FMC1278
3
rd
Edition
© Copyright Ford Motor Company – All Rights Reserved Page 4 of 141
November 01, 2018
1.3 Vehicle Level Requirements
In addition to meeting the requirements specified herein, E/E components and subsystems, when installed in the vehicle, shall
also comply with all relevant vehicle level EMC requirements. Verification testing to these requirements is performed by
FMC. If issues are found during these tests and root cause has been traced to specific component or subsystem, the FMC
EMC department reserves the right to request and witness audit testing executed by the supplier, to verify compliance of their
component and/or subsystem with this specification.
Additional component, subsystem, and vehicle level EMC requirements may be imposed reflecting special conditions in their
target markets. The component or subsystem supplier should verify that any additional requirements, or modifications to the
requirements delineated herein shall be included in the supplier's statement of work and the component/subsystem’s
engineering specification.
1.4 Additional Information
E/E component or subsystem testing to the requirements of this specification represents an empirical risk analysis of
component/subsystem performance versus derived approximations to known environmental threats and customer satisfaction
requirements. The development of this specification is based on extensive experience in achieving correlation to expected
vehicle performance with a high level of predictability. However, EMC testing, by its nature, is subject to similar variation
as mechanical testing. Because of coupling variability and measurement uncertainty, correlation between
component/subsystem level performance and final performance in the complete vehicle cannot be exact. In order to maintain
a competitive and quality product, vehicle EMC testing will be performed to evaluate overall integrated system performance.
However, vehicle level analysis and testing is not a substitute for component/subsystem conformance to this specification.
This specification does not include any information regarding component/subsystem design required to meet the
requirements presented herein. Information on this subject may be found in ES-3U5T-1B257-AA “EMC Design Guide for
Printed Circuit Boards”, which is available for download from http://www.fordemc.com. Additional information may be
found from a number of technical journals and textbooks.
Requirements contained herein that pertain to conducted emissions or immunity are limited to 12VDC and 24 VDC systems.
Conducted requirements pertaining to higher voltage systems are not covered in this specification. However high voltage
systems must comply with other EMC requirements (e.g. RF emissions/immunity, ESD requirements) as delineated herein.
See Table 7-2 for specific applicability.
Although every attempt has been made to assure the information contained herein is accurate, editorial updates and/or
technical clarifications to requirement/test methods are made when noted. This information may be found at
http://www.fordemc.com. The user (i.e. suppliers, test laboratories) shall review this information prior to preparation of
component EMC test plans and/or execution of testing.
FMC1278
3
rd
Edition
© Copyright Ford Motor Company – All Rights Reserved Page 5 of 141
November 01, 2018
2.0 References
2.1 International Documents
Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified.
72/245/EEC European Community, Electromagnetic Compatibility of Vehicle
CISPR 16-1-1Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1: Radio
disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus.
CISPR 25 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics for the protection of receivers used on
board vehicles.
ECE Regulation 10.05 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to electromagnetic
compatibility
ICNIRP International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
IEC 61000-4-21 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-21: Testing and measurement techniques - Reverberation
chamber test methods
ISO 10605 Road vehicles - Test methods for electrical disturbances from electrostatic discharge
ISO 7637-1 Road vehicles, Electrical disturbance by conduction and coupling Part 1 – Definitions and general
considerations.
ISO 7637-2 Road vehicles, Electrical disturbance by conduction and coupling Part 2 - Vehicles with nominal 12 V or 24 V
supply voltage - Electrical transient transmission by capacitive and inductive coupling via supply lines
ISO 11452-1 Road vehicles – Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic
energy – Part 1: General and definitions
ISO 11452-2-2004 Road vehicles, Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Component test
methods Part 2 - Absorber-lined shielded enclosure
ISO 11452-4 Road vehicles – Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic
energy – Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI)
ISO 11452-8 Road vehicles -- Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated
electromagnetic energy -- Part 8: Immunity to magnetic fields
ISO 11452-9 Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated
electromagnetic energy - Part 9: Portable transmitters
2.2 Other Documents
ES3U5T-1B257-AA EMC Design Guide for Printed Circuit Boards. Available at http://www.fordemc.com/
FMC 1279 Electromagnetic Compatibility Design, Validation and Acceptance Process for Electrical Components and
Subsystems
FMC 1280 Electromagnetic Compatibility Specification For High Voltage Electrical/Electronic Components and
Subsystems during Charging
3.0 Abbreviations, Acronyms, Definitions, & Symbols
Below is a list and description of abbreviations and acronyms that are used throughout this document. Refer to the
reference documents in section 2.0 for additional definitions.
Acceptance Criteria. Defines the limits of variance in function performance of the device during exposure to an
electromagnetic disturbance.
Active Electronic Module. Electronic modules that function via use of digital or analog circuitry including microprocessors,
operational amplifiers, and memory devices.
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