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MySQL++ v3.1.0 User Manual

Kevin Atkinson

Sinisa Milivojevic

Monty Widenius

Warren Young

Resources

June 03, 2010

Table of Contents

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1. A Brief History of MySQL++ .................................................................................................. 3

1.2. If You Have Questions... .......................................................................................................... 4

2. Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 5

2.1. The Connection Object ........................................................................................................... 5

2.2. The Query Object .................................................................................................................. 5

2.3. Result Sets ........................................................................................................................... 5

2.4. Exceptions ............................................................................................................................ 7

3. Tutorial .......................................................................................................................................... 8

3.1. Running the Examples ............................................................................................................ 8

3.2. A Simple Example ................................................................................................................. 9

3.3. A More Complicated Example ................................................................................................ 10

3.4. Exceptions .......................................................................................................................... 11

3.5. Quoting and Escaping ........................................................................................................... 12

3.6. C++ vs. SQL Data Types ....................................................................................................... 13

3.7. Handling SQL Nulls ............................................................................................................. 15

3.8. MySQL++’s Special String Types ........................................................................................... 16

3.9. Dealing with Binary Data ...................................................................................................... 17

3.10. Using Transactions ............................................................................................................. 21

3.11. Which Query Type to Use? ................................................................................................... 25

3.12. Conditional Result Row Handling .......................................................................................... 26

3.13. Executing Code for Each Row In a Result Set .......................................................................... 28

3.14. Connection Options ............................................................................................................ 30

3.15. Dealing with Connection Timeouts ........................................................................................ 33

3.16. Concurrent Queries on a Connection ...................................................................................... 34

3.17. Getting Field Meta-Information ............................................................................................. 35

4. Template Queries ............................................................................................................................ 37

4.1. Setting up Template Queries ................................................................................................... 38

4.2. Setting the Parameters at Execution Time ................................................................................. 38

4.3. Default Parameters ............................................................................................................... 39

4.4. Error Handling .................................................................................................................... 40

5. Specialized SQL Structures .............................................................................................................. 41

5.1. sql_create ........................................................................................................................... 41

5.2. SSQLS Comparison and Initialization ...................................................................................... 42

5.3. Retrieving data .................................................................................................................... 43

5.4. Adding data ........................................................................................................................ 45

5.5. Modifying data .................................................................................................................... 50

5.6. Storing SSQLSes in Associative Containers .............................................................................. 51

5.7. Changing the Table Name ...................................................................................................... 52

5.8. Using an SSQLS in Multiple Modules ...................................................................................... 53

5.9. Harnessing SSQLS Internals .................................................................................................. 54

5.10. Having Different Field Names in C++ and SQL ....................................................................... 56

5.11. Expanding SSQLS Macros ................................................................................................... 56

5.12. Customizing the SSQLS Mechanism ...................................................................................... 57

5.13. Deriving from an SSQLS ..................................................................................................... 57

5.14. SSQLS and BLOB Columns ................................................................................................. 59

5.15. SSQLS and Visual C++ 2003 ................................................................................................ 61

6. Using Unicode with MySQL++ ......................................................................................................... 62

6.1. A Short History of Unicode .................................................................................................... 62

6.2. Unicode on Unixy Systems .................................................................................................... 62

6.3. Unicode on Windows ............................................................................................................ 63

6.4. For More Information ........................................................................................................... 64

7. Using MySQL++ in a Multithreaded Program ...................................................................................... 65

7.1. Build Issues ........................................................................................................................ 65

7.2. Connection Management ....................................................................................................... 66

7.3. Helper Functions .................................................................................................................. 70

7.4. Sharing MySQL++ Data Structures ......................................................................................... 71

8. Conﬁguring MySQL++ ................................................................................................................... 72

8.1. The Location of the MySQL Development Files ......................................................................... 72

8.2. The Maximum Number of Fields Allowed ................................................................................ 72

8.3. Buried MySQL C API Headers ............................................................................................... 73

8.4. Building MySQL++ on Systems Without Complete C99 Support .................................................. 73

9. Using MySQL++ in Your Own Project ................................................................................................ 74

9.1. Visual C++ .......................................................................................................................... 74

9.2. Unixy Platforms: Linux, *BSD, OS X, Cygwin, Solaris... ............................................................ 75

9.3. OS X ................................................................................................................................. 76

9.4. MinGW .............................................................................................................................. 76

9.5. Eclipse ............................................................................................................................... 78

10. Incompatible Library Changes ......................................................................................................... 79

10.1. API Changes ...................................................................................................................... 79

10.2. ABI Changes ..................................................................................................................... 88

11. Licensing .................................................................................................................................... 90

11.1. GNU Lesser General Public License ...................................................................................... 91

11.2. MySQL++ User Manual License ........................................................................................... 98

MySQL++ v3.1.0 User Manual

1. Introduction

MySQL++ is a powerful C++ wrapper for MySQL’s C API. Its purpose is to make working with queries as easy as

working with STL containers.

The latest version of MySQL++ can be found at the ofﬁcial web site.

Support for MySQL++ can be had on the mailing list. That page hosts the mailing list archives, and tells you how you

can subscribe.

1.1. A Brief History of MySQL++

MySQL++ was created in 1998 by Kevin Atkinson. It started out MySQL-speciﬁc, but there were early efforts to try

and make it database-independent, and call it SQL++. This is where the old library name “sqlplus” came from. This

is also why the old versions preﬁxed some class names with “Mysql” but not others: the others were supposed to be

the database-independent parts. All of Kevin’s releases had pre-1.0 version numbers.

Then in 1999, MySQL AB took over development of the library. In the beginning, Monty Widenius himself did some

of the work, but later gave it over to another MySQL employee, Sinisa Milivojevic. MySQL released versions 1.0 and

1.1, and then Kevin gave over maintenance to Sinisa ofﬁcially with 1.2, and ceased to have any involvement with the

library’ s maintenance. Sinisa went on to maintain the library through 1.7.9, released in mid-2001. It seems to be during

this time that the dream of multiple-database compatibility died, for obvious reasons.

With version 1.7.9, MySQL++ went into a period of stasis, lasting over three years. (Perhaps it was the ennui and

retrenchment following the collapse of the bubble that caused them to lose interest.) During this time, Sinisa ran the

MySQL++ mailing list and supported its users, but made no new releases. Contributed patches were either ignored or

put up on the MySQL++ web site for users to try, without any ofﬁcial blessing.

The biggest barrier to using MySQL++ during this period is that the popular C++ compilers of 2001 weren’t all that

compatible with the C++ Standard. As a result, MySQL++ used many nonstandard constructs, to allow for compatibility

with older compilers. Each new compiler released in the following years increased compliance, either warning about

or rejecting code using pre-Standard constructs. In particular, GCC was emerging from the mess following the EGCS

fork during this time. The fork was healed ofﬁcially in 1999, but there’s always a delay of a few years between the

release of a new GCC and widespread adoption. The post-EGCS versions of GCC were only beginning to become

popular by 2001, when development on MySQL++ halted. As a result, it became increasingly difﬁcult to get MySQL++

to build cleanly as newer compilers came out. Since MySQL++ uses templates heavily, this affected end user programs

as well: MySQL++ code got included directly in your program, so any warnings or errors it caused became your

program’s problem.

As a result, most of the patches contributed to the MySQL++ project during this period were to ﬁx up standards

compliance issues. Because no one was bothering to ofﬁcially test and bless these patches, you ended up with the worst

aspects of a bazaar development model: complete freedom of development, but no guiding hand to select from the

good stuff and reject the rest. Many of the patches were mutually incompatible. Some would build upon other patches,

so you had to apply them in the proper sequence. Others did useful things, but didn’t give a fully functional copy of

MySQL++. Figuring out which patch(es) to use was an increasingly frustrating exercise as the years wore on, and

newer GCCs became popular.

In early August of 2004, Warren Young got fed up with this situation and took over. He released 1.7.10 later that

month, which did little more than make the code build with GCC 3.3 without warnings. Since then, with a little help

from his friends on the Net, MySQL++ has lost a lot of bugs, gained a lot of features, gained a few more bugs, lost

them again... MySQL++ is alive and healthy now.

MySQL++ v3.1.0 User Manual

2. Overview

MySQL++ has a lot of complexity and power to cope with the variety of ways people use databases, but at bottom it

doesn’t work all that differently than other database access APIs. The usage pattern looks like this:

1. Open the connection

2. Form and execute the query

3. If successful, iterate through the result set

4. Else, deal with errors

Each of these steps corresponds to a MySQL++ class or class hierarchy. An overview of each follows.

2.1.The Connection Object

A Connection object manages the connection to the MySQL server. You need at least one of these objects to do

anything. Because the other MySQL++ objects your program will use often depend (at least indirectly) on the

Connection instance, the Connection object needs to live at least as long as all other MySQL++ objects in your

program.

MySQL supports many different types of data connection between the client and the server: TCP/IP, Unix domain

sockets, and Windows named pipes. The generic Connection class supports all of these, ﬁguring out which one

you mean based on the parameters you pass to Connection::connect(). But if you know in advance that your

program only needs one particular connection type, there are subclasses with simpler interfaces. For example, there’s

TCPConnection if you know your program will always use a networked database server.

2.2.The Query Object

Most often, you create SQL queries using a Query object created by the Connection object.

Query acts as a standard C++ output stream, so you can write data to it like you would to std::cout or

std::ostringstream. This is the most C++ish way MySQL++ provides for building up a query string. The library

includes stream manipulators that are type-aware so it’s easy to build up syntactically-correct SQL.

Query also has a feature called Template Queries which work something like C’s printf() function: you set up a

ﬁxed query string with tags inside that indicate where to insert the variable parts. If you have multiple queries that are

structurally similar, you simply set up one template query, and use that in the various locations of your program.

A third method for building queries is to use Query with SSQLS. This feature lets you create C++ structures that

mirror your database schemas. These in turn give Query the information it needs to build many common SQL queries

for you. It can INSERT, REPLACE and UPDATE rows in a table given the data in SSQLS form. It can also generate

SELECT * FROM SomeTable queries and store the results as an STL collection of SSQLSes.

2.3. Result Sets

The ﬁeld data in a result set are stored in a special std::string-like class called String. This class has conversion

operators that let you automatically convert these objects to any of the basic C data types. Additionally, MySQL++

deﬁnes classes like DateTime, which you can initialize from a MySQL DATETIME string. These automatic conversions

are protected against bad conversions, and can either set a warning ﬂag or throw an exception, depending on how you

set the library up.

MySQL++ v3.1.0 User Manual

剩余97页未读，继续阅读

matianyu00

2012-08-21

全英文的啊，谢谢楼主。

upczap

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