没有合适的资源?快使用搜索试试~ 我知道了~
首页Oracle® Database Concepts(11g)
Oracle® Database Concepts(11g)
需积分: 10 58 浏览量
更新于2023-03-03
评论
收藏 3.52MB PDF 举报
Oracle® Database Concepts Oracle数据库概念 第一部分 提供了Oracle数据库概念和术语的概览. 第二部分 描述Oracle数据库的基本结构架构, 包含物理的,逻辑的存储结构. 第三部分 描述Oracle数据库的核心特性. 第四部分 描述Oracle中可以在应用开发中的语言和数据类型 文档来源: Oracle.
资源详情
资源评论
资源推荐

Oracle® Database
Concepts
11g Release 1 (11.1)
B28318-05
October 2008

Oracle Database Concepts, 11g Release 1 (11.1)
B28318-05
Copyright © 1993, 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Primary Author: Richard Strohm
Contributing Authors: Lance Ashdown, Mark Bauer, Michele Cyran, Steve Fogel, Janis Greenberg, Sumit
Jeloka, Paul Lane, Diana Lorentz, Jack Melnick, Sheila Moore, Antonio Romero, Vivian Schupmann, Cathy
Shea, Douglas Williams
Contributors: Omar Alonso, Penny Avril, Hermann Baer, Sandeepan Banerjee, Bill Bridge, Sandra
Cheevers, Carol Colrain, Vira Goorah, Mike Hartstein, John Haydu, Wei Hu, Ramkumar Krishnan, Vasudha
Krishnaswamy, Bill Lee, Bryn Llewellyn, Rich Long, Paul Manning, Mughees Minhas, Valarie Moore, Gopal
Mulagund, Muthu Olagappan, Jennifer Polk, Kathy Rich, John Russell, Bob Thome, Randy Urbano, Mark
Van de Wiel, Michael Verheij, Ron Weiss, Steve Wertheimer
The Programs (which include both the software and documentation) contain proprietary information; they
are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are also protected
by copyright, patent, and other intellectual and industrial property laws. Reverse engineering, disassembly,
or decompilation of the Programs, except to the extent required to obtain interoperability with other
independently created software or as specified by law, is prohibited.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in
the documentation, please report them to us in writing. This document is not warranted to be error-free.
Except as may be expressly permitted in your license agreement for these Programs, no part of these
Programs may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any
purpose.
If the Programs are delivered to the United States Government or anyone licensing or using the Programs on
behalf of the United States Government, the following notice is applicable:
U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data
delivered to U.S. Government customers are "commercial computer software" or "commercial technical data"
pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As
such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the Programs, including documentation
and technical data, shall be subject to the licensing restrictions set forth in the applicable Oracle license
agreement, and, to the extent applicable, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial
Computer Software—Restricted Rights (June 1987). Oracle USA, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City,
CA 94065.
The Programs are not intended for use in any nuclear, aviation, mass transit, medical, or other inherently
dangerous applications. It shall be the licensee's responsibility to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup,
redundancy and other measures to ensure the safe use of such applications if the Programs are used for such
purposes, and we disclaim liability for any damages caused by such use of the Programs.
Oracle, JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, and Siebel are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
The Programs may provide links to Web sites and access to content, products, and services from third
parties. Oracle is not responsible for the availability of, or any content provided on, third-party Web sites.
You bear all risks associated with the use of such content. If you choose to purchase any products or services
from a third party, the relationship is directly between you and the third party. Oracle is not responsible for:
(a) the quality of third-party products or services; or (b) fulfilling any of the terms of the agreement with the
third party, including delivery of products or services and warranty obligations related to purchased
products or services. Oracle is not responsible for any loss or damage of any sort that you may incur from
dealing with any third party.

iii
Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................................................. xxv
Audience................................................................................................................................................... xxv
Documentation Accessibility................................................................................................................. xxv
Related Documentation.......................................................................................................................... xxvi
Conventions ............................................................................................................................................. xxvi
Part I What Is Oracle?
1 Introduction to Oracle Database
Oracle Database Architecture ............................................................................................................... 1-1
Overview of Grid Architecture ........................................................................................................ 1-2
Overview of Application Architecture ........................................................................................... 1-2
Client/Server Architecture........................................................................................................ 1-2
Multitier Architecture: Application Servers ........................................................................... 1-3
Multitier Architecture: Service-Oriented Architecture ......................................................... 1-3
Overview of Physical Database Structures..................................................................................... 1-3
Datafiles ....................................................................................................................................... 1-4
Control Files................................................................................................................................. 1-4
Online Redo Log Files ................................................................................................................ 1-5
Archived Redo Log Files............................................................................................................ 1-5
Parameter Files............................................................................................................................ 1-5
Alert and Trace Log Files........................................................................................................... 1-5
Backup Files................................................................................................................................. 1-6
Overview of Logical Database Structures ...................................................................................... 1-6
Oracle Database Data Blocks..................................................................................................... 1-6
Extents .......................................................................................................................................... 1-6
Segments ...................................................................................................................................... 1-7
Tablespaces .................................................................................................................................. 1-7
Overview of Schemas and Common Schema Objects .................................................................. 1-8
Tables............................................................................................................................................ 1-8
Indexes ......................................................................................................................................... 1-8
Views ............................................................................................................................................ 1-8
Clusters......................................................................................................................................... 1-9
Synonyms..................................................................................................................................... 1-9
Overview of the Oracle Database Data Dictionary....................................................................... 1-9

iv
Overview of the Oracle Database Instance..................................................................................... 1-9
Oracle Database Background Processes............................................................................... 1-10
Instance Memory Structures ................................................................................................. 1-11
Overview of Accessing the Database........................................................................................... 1-11
Network Connections.............................................................................................................. 1-11
Starting Up the Database ........................................................................................................ 1-12
How Oracle Database Works ................................................................................................ 1-12
Overview of Oracle Database Utilities......................................................................................... 1-13
Oracle Database Features .................................................................................................................... 1-13
Overview of Oracle Real Application Testing............................................................................ 1-13
Database Replay ...................................................................................................................... 1-13
SQL Performance Analyzer.................................................................................................... 1-14
Overview of Concurrency Features.............................................................................................. 1-14
Concurrency ............................................................................................................................. 1-15
Read Consistency .................................................................................................................... 1-15
Caching Mechanisms............................................................................................................... 1-16
Locking Mechanisms .............................................................................................................. 1-16
Overview of Manageability Features ........................................................................................... 1-17
Self-Managing Database ......................................................................................................... 1-17
Automatic Maintenance Tasks............................................................................................... 1-17
Oracle Enterprise Manager..................................................................................................... 1-17
SQL Developer and SQL*Plus ............................................................................................... 1-18
Automatic Memory Management ........................................................................................ 1-18
Automatic Storage Management........................................................................................... 1-18
Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor ............................................................................ 1-19
SQL Tuning Advisor .............................................................................................................. 1-19
SQL Access Advisor ............................................................................................................... 1-19
Streams Tuning Advisor ........................................................................................................ 1-20
The Scheduler ........................................................................................................................... 1-20
Database Resource Manager ................................................................................................. 1-20
Overview of Diagnosability Features........................................................................................... 1-20
Overview of Database Backup and Recovery Features ............................................................ 1-20
Overview of High Availability Features...................................................................................... 1-22
Overview of Business Intelligence Features................................................................................ 1-23
Data Warehousing ................................................................................................................... 1-23
Materialized Views.................................................................................................................. 1-24
Table Compression ..................................................................................................................
1-24
Parallel Execution .................................................................................................................... 1-25
Analytic SQL............................................................................................................................. 1-25
OLAP Capabilities ................................................................................................................... 1-25
Data Mining.............................................................................................................................. 1-25
Very Large Databases (VLDB) ............................................................................................... 1-25
Overview of Content Management Features.............................................................................. 1-26
XML in Oracle Database ......................................................................................................... 1-26
LOBs........................................................................................................................................... 1-27
SecureFiles................................................................................................................................. 1-27
Oracle Text ............................................................................................................................... 1-29

v
Oracle Ultra Search ................................................................................................................. 1-29
Oracle Multimedia................................................................................................................... 1-29
Oracle Spatial............................................................................................................................ 1-29
Overview of Security Features...................................................................................................... 1-30
Security Mechanisms .............................................................................................................. 1-30
Overview of Data Integrity and Triggers.................................................................................... 1-31
Integrity Constraints................................................................................................................ 1-31
Triggers ..................................................................................................................................... 1-32
Overview of Information Integration Features........................................................................... 1-32
Distributed SQL ...................................................................................................................... 1-32
Oracle Streams ......................................................................................................................... 1-33
Oracle Database Gateways and Generic Connectivity....................................................... 1-34
Oracle Database Application Development ................................................................................... 1-34
Overview of Oracle SQL ................................................................................................................ 1-35
SQL Statements ........................................................................................................................ 1-35
Overview of PL/SQL...................................................................................................................... 1-36
Overview of Java............................................................................................................................. 1-37
Overview of Application Programming Languages (APIs) ..................................................... 1-37
Overview of Application Development Environments ............................................................ 1-37
Overview of Datatypes................................................................................................................... 1-38
Overview of Globalization ............................................................................................................ 1-39
Part II Oracle Database Architecture
2 Data Blocks, Extents, and Segments
Introduction to Data Blocks, Extents, and Segments ........................................................................ 2-1
Overview of Data Blocks ........................................................................................................................ 2-3
Data Block Format ............................................................................................................................. 2-3
Header (Common and Variable) .............................................................................................. 2-4
Table Directory............................................................................................................................ 2-4
Row Directory ............................................................................................................................. 2-4
Overhead...................................................................................................................................... 2-4
Row Data...................................................................................................................................... 2-4
Free Space..................................................................................................................................... 2-4
Free Space Management.................................................................................................................... 2-5
Availability and Optimization of Free Space in a Data Block.............................................. 2-5
Row Chaining and Migrating .................................................................................................. 2-5
PCTFREE, PCTUSED, and Row Chaining ..................................................................................... 2-6
The PCTFREE Parameter........................................................................................................... 2-6
The PCTUSED Parameter.......................................................................................................... 2-7
How PCTFREE and PCTUSED Work Together..................................................................... 2-8
Overview of Extents.............................................................................................................................. 2-10
When Extents Are Allocated ........................................................................................................ 2-10
Determine the Number and Size of Extents ............................................................................... 2-10
How Extents Are Allocated .......................................................................................................... 2-11
When Extents Are Deallocated .................................................................................................... 2-11
剩余555页未读,继续阅读














安全验证
文档复制为VIP权益,开通VIP直接复制

评论0