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首页东北大学软件需求分析与设计MOOC选择题整理
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Edited by LZF
Chapter 1 软件过程
1. According to Brooks, which of the following is not an essential difficulty of software
development?
A. conformity
B. changeability
C. correctness
D. invisibility
答案:C
软件的本质困难定义出了软件开发的不变事实 software development invariants ,
其主要包括:复杂性(complexity)、一致性(conformity)、可变性(changeablity)、不可见性
(invisibility)
2. The “repeatable” level of CMM (Level 2 ) means that:
A. continuous process improvement is in place
B. both management and engineering processes are codified and followed
C. none of the above
D. metrics are used to control the process
答案:C
能力成熟度模型 capacity maturity model,CMM :
Initial:
Unpredictable and undisciplined process that depends on the current staff
Repeatable:
repeatable project management;
consistent time and effort predictions for similar projects
Defined: both management and engineering processes are codified and followed
Managed: metrics are used to control the process
Optimizing: continuous process improvement is in place

3. UML models include:
A. state change models
B. state models
C. behavior models
D. all of the above
答案:D
UML 模型可以分为三组:
状态模型 state models :描述静态数据结构;
行为模型 behavior models :描述对象协作 collaboration ;
状态变更模型 state change models :描述随着时间推移,系统所允许的状态;
4. Process-oriented integration is an integration:
A. that links application interfaces (that is, services defined through an interface
abstraction)
B. in which information is externalized from multiple software systems into a common
user interface
C. on the level of databases or application programming interfaces (APIs) that
externalize
information for consumption by other applications
D. none of the above
答案:D
面向接口的集成(Interface-oriented integration):
that links application interfaces (that is, services defined through an
interface
abstraction)
面向信息的集成(Information-oriented integration):
on the level of databases or application programming interfaces (APIs) that
externalize
information for consumption by other applications
面向用户的集成(Portal-oriented)——特殊的面向信息集成
in which information is externalized from multiple software systems into a
common
user interface(用户界面)
面向过程的集成(process-oriented):
that link application
5. Which of the following is not an approach to carry out system planning:
A. all of the above
B. SWOT
C. ERP
D. ISA
答案:C
系统规划(system planning)的方式:
SWOT:自顶向下
价值链模型(value chain model,VCM)
业务过程重组(business process re-engineering,BPR)
信息系统体系架构(information system architecture,ISA):自底向上

6. Which of the following is a primary activity of the VCM approach:
A. services
B. administration and infrastructure
C. human resource management
D. none of the above
答案:A
Primary activity of the VCM approach: 为最终产品创造或增加价值
内部物流;
操作;
外部物流;
销售和市场;
服务;
Support activities of the VCM approach: 不直接增加产品价值,但不可或缺
行政管理和基础架构(administration and infrastructure);
人力资源管理(human resource management);
研发;
IS 研发;
7. Which of the following is not considered a participant (perspective) in the ISA approach:
A. all of the above
B. subcontractor
C. manager
D. owner
答案:C
ISA框架被描述为一个 5(1-5)*6(A-F) 的表格:
行表示用于复杂工程产品构建的不同视角(perspectives)
规划者(Planners):确定系统范围;
所有者(Owner):定义企业概念模型;
设计者(Designer):详细说明系统物理模型;
建造者(Builders):提供详细的技术解决方案;
承包者(Subcontractors):提供系统构件
列表示每个参与者所从事的六种不同的描述(descriptions)或体系结构模型
(architectural model)
8. Which of the following is not a modeling technique of the structured approach to systems
development:
A. DFD
B. ERD
C. all of the above
D. UML
答案:D
结构化方法:功能性、过程性和强制性的方法,从系统建模的角度看,其主要基于两种技术
数据流图(Data Flow Diagram,DFD):过程建模
实体关系图(Entity Relationship Diagram,ERD):数据建模
9. Which of the following is not considered to be an iterative and incremental development
model/method:

A. the spiral model
B. model-driven architecture
C. none of the above
D. functional decomposition
答案:D
Iterative and incremental development model/method:
敏捷开发模型(agile software development)
螺旋模型(the spiral model)
IBM Rational 统一过程(IBM Rational Unified Process,RUP)
模型驱动的体系结构(Model Driven Architecture,DMA)
AOP
知识点:
三个重要的IS概念:
数据:代表涉及业务活动的价值、质量、概念和时间的原始事实;
信息:增值事实,即已经被处理并概括为产品增值事实的数据,揭示了新的特征和趋
势;
知识:对信息的理解,由经验或研究获得;
软件开发的本质
软件开发的不变事实
软件的本质困难
复杂性(complexity):软件规模的函数,以及组成软件产品的构件之间相互依
存关系的函数;
一致性(conformity):应用软件必须与其依赖的软硬件平台一致,也必须与现
有的信息系统相一致,以便于集成;
可变性(changeability):由于业务过程和需求是不断变化的,所以在开发应用
软件时也必须能够容纳这些变化;
不可见性(invisibility):尽管应用软件提供了可见的输出,但是负责输出的代
码通常隐藏在“不可见”的程序语句、二进制代码库和周边系统软件中;
软件开发的意外事件
软件开发意外事件与三个因素相关:
利益相关者(stakeholders):客户和开发者
过程(process)
建模(modeling)
开发 or 集成
面向接口的集成(Interface-oriented integration):
that links application interfaces (that is, services defined through an
interface
abstraction)
面向信息的集成(Information-oriented integration):
on the level of databases or application programming interfaces
(APIs) that externalize
information for consumption by other applications
面向用户的集成(Portal-oriented)——特殊的面向信息集成
in which information is externalized from multiple software
systems into a common

user interface(用户界面)
面向过程的集成(process-oriented):
that link application
系统规划
SWOT
VCM
BRP
ISA
三级管理系统
一个组织具有三级管理:策略级(strategic)、战术级(tactical)、操作级(operational);
联机事务处理系统(OnLine Transaction Processing)——在决策的操作级上的主要系
统;
联机分析处理系统(OnLine Analytical Processing,OLAP)——在决策的战术级上的主要
系统;
数据仓库(Data warehouse)技术主要包含:
汇总(Summarizing)
封装(Packaging)
分割(Partitioning)
知识处理系统(Knowledge Processing)——在决策的战略级上的主要系统;
软件开发的生命周期
开发方法
结构化方法(structured approach)
面向对象方法(object-oriented approach)
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