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1999-2001, Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Terms and conditions of use are
available from the WAP Forum Web site (http://www.wapforum.org/what/copyright.htm ).
Service Loading
Version 31-Jul-2001
Wireless Application Protocol
WAP-168-ServiceLoad-20010731-a
A list of errata and updates to this document is available from the WAP Forum™ Web site, http://www.wapforum.org/,
in the form of SIN documents, which are subject to revision or removal without notice.
WAP-168-ServiceLoad-20010731-a, Version 31-Jul-2001 Page 2 (18)
1999-2001, Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
All rights reserved
© 1999-2001, Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. All rights reserved.
Terms and conditions of use are available from the WAP Forum Web site at
http://www.wapforum.org/what/copyright.htm.
You may use this document or any part of the document for internal or educational purposes only, provided you do not
modify, edit or take out of context the information in this document in any manner. You may not use this document in
any other manner without the prior written permission of the WAP Forum™. The WAP Forum authorises you to copy
this document, provided that you retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained in the original materials on
any copies of the materials and that you comply strictly with these terms. This copyright permission does not constitute
an endorsement of the products or services offered by you.
The WAP Forum™ assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this document. In no event shall the WAP
Forum be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever arising out of or in
connection with the use of this information.
WAP Forum™ members have agreed to use reasonable endeavors to disclose in a timely manner to the WAP Forum the
existence of all intellectual property rights (IPR's) essential to the present document. The members do not have an
obligation to conduct IPR searches. This information is publicly available to members and non-members of the WAP
Forum and may be found on the "WAP IPR Declarations" list at http://www.wapforum.org/what/ipr.htm. Essential IPR
is available for license on the basis set out in the schedule to the WAP Forum Application Form.
No representations or warranties (whether express or implied) are made by the WAP Forum™ or any WAP Forum
member or its affiliates regarding any of the IPR's represented on this list, including but not limited to the accuracy,
completeness, validity or relevance of the information or whether or not such rights are essential or non-essential.
This document is available online in PDF format at http://www.wapforum.org/.
Known problems associated with this document are published at http://www.wapforum.org/.
Comments regarding this document can be submitted to the WAP Forum™ in the manner published at
http://www.wapforum.org/.
Document History
WAP-168-ServiceLoad-19991108-a Approved
WAP-168_100-ServiceLoad-20010423-a SIN
WAP-168_101-ServiceLoad-20010206-a SIN
WAP-168_102-ServiceLoad-20010614-a (obsoletes WAP-168_100-ServiceLoad-20010423-a) SIN
WAP-168-ServiceLoad-20010731-a Current
WAP-168-ServiceLoad-20010731-a, Version 31-Jul-2001 Page 3 (18)
1999-2001, Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
All rights reserved
Contents
1. SCOPE...............................................................................................................................................................................................4
2. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................................................5
2.1. NORMATIVE REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................5
2.2. INFORMATIVE REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................................5
3. TERMINOLOGY AND CONVENTIONS ..............................................................................................................................6
3.1. CONVENTIONS ...........................................................................................................................................................................6
3.2. DEFINITIONS ..............................................................................................................................................................................6
3.3. ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................................7
4. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................................................8
5. THE SERVICE LOADING CONTENT FORMAT..............................................................................................................9
5.1. SERVICE LOADING CHARACTER SET ...................................................................................................................................9
5.2. THE SL ELEMENT.....................................................................................................................................................................9
6. SEMANTICS..................................................................................................................................................................................10
6.1. RECEPTION AND SERVICE INVOCATION............................................................................................................................10
6.2. RECEPTION OF MULTIPLE SERVICE LOADINGS...............................................................................................................10
7. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS............................................................................................................................................11
8. SL REFERENCE INFORMATION........................................................................................................................................12
8.1. DOCUMENT IDENTIFIERS ......................................................................................................................................................12
8.1.1. SGML Public Identifier...................................................................................................................................................12
8.1.2. SL Media Type..................................................................................................................................................................12
8.2. DOCUMENT TYPE DEFINITION (DTD)...............................................................................................................................12
9. A COMPACT BINARY REPRESENTATION OF SERVICE LOADING.................................................................13
9.1. EXTENSION TOKENS...............................................................................................................................................................13
9.1.1. Tag Tokens........................................................................................................................................................................13
9.1.2. Attribute Tokens...............................................................................................................................................................13
9.2. ENCODING SEMANTICS..........................................................................................................................................................13
9.2.1. Document Validation.......................................................................................................................................................13
9.3. NUMERIC CONSTANTS ...........................................................................................................................................................14
9.3.1. Tag Tokens........................................................................................................................................................................14
9.3.2. Attribute Start Tokens......................................................................................................................................................14
9.3.3. Attribute Value Tokens....................................................................................................................................................14
10. EXAMPLE....................................................................................................................................................................................15
APPENDIX A. STATIC CONFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS (NORMATIVE) .................................................16
APPENDIX B. CHANGE HISTORY (INFORMATIVE) ...............................................................................................18
WAP-168-ServiceLoad-20010731-a, Version 31-Jul-2001 Page 4 (18)
1999-2001, Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
All rights reserved
1. Scope
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a result of continuous work to define an industry wide specification for
developing applications that operate over wireless communication networks. The scope for the WAP Forum is to define
a set of specifications to be used by service applications. The wireless market is growing very quickly and reaching new
customers and providing new services. To enable operators and manufacturers to meet the challenges in advanced
services, differentiation, and fast/flexible service creation, WAP defines a set of protocols in transport, session and
application layers. For additional information on the WAP architecture, refer to “Wireless Application Protocol
Architecture Specification” [WAP].
It is not always suitable to push content that is executed or rendered (the term “executed” is used throughout this
document to refer either to “executed” or “rendered”) directly upon reception to a mobile device, especially if the client
is busy with other activities such as executing another service. This is due to the fact that memory and/or processing
constraints found in many mobile devices are such that neither storing nor processing content in such a situation is
feasible.
Another disadvantage of pushing content directly to a mobile client is that this may interfere with an executing service
that is utilising the bearer used for push, which will deteriorate the end-user experience of that service.
In order to circumvent these problems, the Service Loading (SL) content type has been defined. The content type
provides a means to convey a URI to a user agent in a mobile client. The client itself automatically loads the content
indicated by that URI and executes it in the addressed user agent without user intervention when appropriate. Thus, the
end-user will experience the service indicated by the URI as if it was pushed to the client and executed. By basically
conveying only the URI of the service to the client the over-the-air message will be small. Hence, very modest
requirements are placed on the bearer and on the client’s ability to receive and store an SL if it is busy with other
activities. The disadvantage of this approach is that the number of over-the-air messages and round-trips needed to
deliver the service will increase.
Instead of executing the service, SL provides a means to instruct the client to pre-emptively cache the content indicated
by the URI so it becomes readily available to the user agent(s) in the client. It is also possible to control whether the
loading of the service may be carried out in a user-intrusive manner or not.
The SL content type is an application of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 [XML]. WBXML [WBXML]
tokens are defined to allow for efficient over-the-air transmission.
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