没有合适的资源?快使用搜索试试~ 我知道了~
首页以太网交换机基础培训教材-华为2005.doc
以太网交换机基础培训教材-华为2005.doc
需积分: 13 110 浏览量
更新于2023-03-03
评论
收藏 7.5MB DOC 举报
本文介绍以太网交换机的相关知识和基本原理。主要包括:1)以太网交换机基础知识;2)二、三层交换机的基本原理和转发流程;3)以太网交换机常用特性和技术。
资源详情
资源评论
资源推荐

以太网交换机基础培训教材
Catalog 目 录
1 以太网概述...................................................................................................................................................6
2 以太网的基础知识.......................................................................................................................................6
2.1 MAC地址 6
2.2 以太网帧的帧格式 7
2.2.1 以太网Ⅱ.......................................................................................................................................8
2.2.2 带有802.2逻辑链路控制的IEEE 802.3........................................................................................8
2.2.3 IEEE 802.3子网访问协议(以太网SNAP)..............................................................................8
2.2.4 Novell以太网................................................................................................................................9
2.3 CSMA/CD 9
2.4 冲突域和广播域10
2.5 以太网的典型设备-HUB 10
2.6 全双工以太网 11
3 二层交换机的基本原理.............................................................................................................................11
3.1 二层交换机 11
3.2 支持VLAN的二层交换机 14
3.2.1 VLAN的概念..............................................................................................................................15
3.2.2 VLAN的划分..............................................................................................................................16
3.2.3 VLAN的标准..............................................................................................................................17
3.2.4 支持VLAN交换机的转发流程..................................................................................................19
4 三层交换机基本原理.................................................................................................................................22
4.1 三层交换机的提出 22
4.2 三层交换机基本特征 23
4.3 三层交换机的功能模型 23
4.4 三层交换机转发流程 25
4.4.1 IP网络规则..................................................................................................................................25
4.4.2 三层转发流程.............................................................................................................................25
4.4.3 选路过程.....................................................................................................................................27
4.5 路由器和交换机29
4.5.1 接口.............................................................................................................................................30
4.5.2 特点对照.....................................................................................................................................30
5 交换机相关协议和技术.............................................................................................................................30
5.1 物理层特性(接口) 30
5.1.1 自协商.........................................................................................................................................31
5.1.2 智能MDI/MDIX自识别..............................................................................................................31
5.1.3 流控机制.....................................................................................................................................32
5.1.4 POE供电......................................................................................................................................33
5.1.5 端口镜像.....................................................................................................................................33
5.2 二层协议和特性34
5.2.1 STP/RSTP/MSTP协议................................................................................................................34
5.2.2 GARP/GVRP/GMRP..................................................................................................................35
5.2.3 聚合特性.....................................................................................................................................37
5.2.4 Isolate-user-vlan..........................................................................................................................37
5.2.5 二层多播.....................................................................................................................................38
5.2.6 QinQ............................................................................................................................................39

以太网交换机基础培训教材
5.3 三层特性 40
5.3.1 SuperVLAN.................................................................................................................................40
5.4 Qos/ACL 41
5.5 安全特性 41
5.5.1 802.1X.........................................................................................................................................41
5.5.2 PORTAL......................................................................................................................................42
5.6 管理特性 44
5.6.1 集群管理.....................................................................................................................................44
5.6.2 WEB网管....................................................................................................................................45
5.7 IRF 46
5.8 与路由器相同的一些特性 47
6 以太网交换机主要厂商.............................................................................................................................48
6.1 Cisco 48
6.2 Extreme48
6.3 Foundry48
6.4 港湾 48
7 参考资料.....................................................................................................................................................48
Page 2 , Total 48 第2页,共48页

以太网交换机基础培训教材
图索引
图 1 MAC地址.................................................................................................................................................7
图 2 常用的以太网帧格式.............................................................................................................................8
图 3 由HUB组成的网络...............................................................................................................................11
图 4 全双工以太网........................................................................................................................................11
图 5 二层交换机结构示意图.......................................................................................................................12
图 6 二层交换机的转发流程.......................................................................................................................13
图 7 二层交换机工作在链路层...................................................................................................................13
图 8 交换机的冲突域和广播域...................................................................................................................14
图 9 由二层交换机构成的扁平网络...........................................................................................................14
图 10 基于端口VLAN的划分......................................................................................................................16
图 11 802.1Q VLAN帧格式.........................................................................................................................18
图 12 Trunk链路实现虚拟工作组................................................................................................................18
图 13 支持VLAN交换机交换引擎..............................................................................................................19
图 14 IVL和SVL地址学习方式...................................................................................................................20
图 15 IVL地址学习方式转发流程...............................................................................................................21
图 16 SVL地址学习方式转发流程..............................................................................................................21
图 17 支持VLAN交换机冲突域和广播域..................................................................................................22
图 18 三层交换机功能模型.........................................................................................................................24
图 19 三层交换引擎......................................................................................................................................24
图 20 三层转发流程......................................................................................................................................26
图 21 路由器的最长匹配转发.....................................................................................................................28
图 22 三层交换机转发-精确匹配................................................................................................................29
图 23 三层交换机转发-最长匹配................................................................................................................29
图 24 以太网的自协商.................................................................................................................................31
图 25 STP阻塞网络环路...............................................................................................................................34
图 26 MSTP根据VLAN进行阻塞链路........................................................................................................35
图 27 GARP属性注册和注销.......................................................................................................................36
图 28 GARP基本原理...................................................................................................................................36
图 29 Isolate-user-vlan...................................................................................................................................38
图 30 不支持多播功能交换机.....................................................................................................................39
图 31 QinQ实现vMAN.................................................................................................................................40
图 32 802.1X认证体系结构..........................................................................................................................42
图 33 PORTAL认证四大要素......................................................................................................................43
图 34 集群的组成..........................................................................................................................................45
图 35 IRF的组成...........................................................................................................................................46
图 36 IRF的典型应用...................................................................................................................................47
Page 3 , Total 48 第3页,共48页

以太网交换机基础培训教材
表索引
表 1. LAN/MAN参考模型.............................................................................................................................15
表 2. 路由器和三层交换机的特点对比.......................................................................................................30
表 3. PORTAL、PPPoE/A、802.1X三种认证方式的特点对比................................................................44
Page 4 , Total 48 第4页,共48页

以太网交换机基础培训教材
以太网交换机基础培训教材
Keywords 关键词:以太网,交换机,LAN,VLAN,IRF
Abstract 摘 要:本文介绍以太网交换机的相关知识和基本原理。主要包括: 1)以太网交换机基
础知识;2)二、三层交换机的基本原理和转发流程;3)以太网交换机常用特
性和技术。
List of abbreviations 缩略语清单:
Abbreviations
缩略语
Full spelling 英文全名
Chinese explanation
中文解释
POE Power Over Ethernet
以太网供电
IVL Independent Vlan Learning
独立vlan学习
SVL Sharing Vlan Learning
共享vlan学习
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
虚拟局域网
GVRP Generic Vlan Registration Protocol
通用vlan注册协议
RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
快速生成树协议
MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
多实例生成树协议
LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol
链路聚合控制协议
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
动态主机配置协议
NTP Network Time Protocol
网络时间协议
VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
虚拟路由冗余协议
RIP Routing Information Protocol
路由信息协议
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
开放最短路径优先
IS-IS Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System intra-
domain routing information exchange protocol
IS-IS路由协议
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
边界网关协议
IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
Internet组管理协议
IGMP Snooping Internet Group Management Protocol Snooping
IGMP侦听
GMRP Generic Multicast Registration Protocol
通用组播注册协议
PIM-DM Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode
密集模式协议无关组播
PIM-SM Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode
稀疏模式协议无关组播
MSDP Multicast Source Discovery Protocol
组播源发现协议
WRED Weighted Random Early Detection
加权随机早期检测
CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
质询握手验证协议
PAP Password Authentication Protocol
密码验证协议
EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol
可扩展认证协议
SSH Secure Shell
安全外壳
IDS Intrusion Detection System
入侵检测系统
RMON Remote MONitor
远程监控
HGMP Huawei Group Management Protocol
华为组管理协议
NDP Neighbor Discovery Protocol
邻居发现协议
IRF Intelligent Resilient Framework
智能弹性架构
Page 5 , Total 48 第5页,共48页
剩余47页未读,继续阅读

















安全验证
文档复制为VIP权益,开通VIP直接复制

评论0