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Solution* for Chapter 1 Exercise*
Solutions for Chapter 1 Exercises
1.1
5,
CPU
1.2 1, abstraction
1.3
3,
bit
1.4 8, computer family
1.5 19, memory
1.6 10, datapath
1.7 9, control
1.8 11, desktop (personal computer)
1.9 15, embedded system
1.10 22, server
1.11
18,
LAN
1.12
27,
WAN
1.13 23, supercomputer
1.14 14, DRAM
1.15 13, defect
1.16 6, chip
1.17 24, transistor
1.18
12,
DVD
1.19 28, yield
1.20 2, assembler
1.21 20, operating system
1.22 7, compiler
1.23 25, VLSI
1.24 16, instruction
1.25 4, cache •
1.26 17, instruction set architecture

Solutions for Chapter 1 Exercises
1.27 21, semiconductor
1.28 26, wafer
1.29 i
1.30 b
1.31 e
1.32 i
1.33 h
1.34 d
1.35 f
1.36 b
1.37 c
1.38 f
1.39
d
1.40 a
1.41 c
1.42 i
1.43 e
1.44 g
1.45 a
1.46 Magnetic disk:
Time for 1/2 revolution =1/2 rev x 1/7200 minutes/rev X 60 seconds/
minutes
3
4.17 ms
Time for 1/2 revolution = 1/2 rev x 1/10,000 minutes/rev X 60 seconds/
minutes = 3 ms
Bytes on center circle = 1.35 MB/seconds X 1/1600 minutes/rev x 60
seconds/minutes = 50.6 KB
Bytes on outside circle = 1.35 MB/seconds X 1/570 minutes/rev X 60
seconds/minutes = 142.1 KB
1.48 Total requests bandwidth = 30 requests/sec X 512 Kbit/request = 15,360
Kbit/sec < 100 Mbit/sec. Therefore, a 100 Mbit Ethernet link will be sufficient.

Solution* for Chapter X Exarclsm
1.49 Possible solutions:
Ethernet, IEEE 802.3, twisted pair cable, 10/100 Mbit
Wireless Ethernet, IEEE 802.1 lb, no medium, 11 Mbit
Dialup, phone lines, 56 Kbps
ADSL, phone lines, 1.5 Mbps
Cable modem, cable, 2 Mbps
1.50
a. Propagation delay = mis sec
Transmission time = LIR sec
End-to-end delay =m/s+L/R
b. End-to-end delay =mls+ LJR+t
c. End-to-end delay = mis + 2I/R + f/2
1.51 Cost per die = Cost per wafer/(Dies per wafer x Yield) = 6000/( 1500 x 50%)
= 8
Cost per chip = (Cost per die + Cost_packaging + Cost_testing)/Test yield =
(8 + 10)/90% = 20
Price = Cost per chip x (1 + 40%) - 28
If we need to sell n chips, then 500,000 + 20« = 28», n = 62,500.
1.52 CISCtime = Px8r=8Prns
RISC time = 2Px 2T= 4 PTns
RISC time = CISC time/2, so the RISC architecture has better performance.
1.53 Using a Hub:
Bandwidth that the other four computers consume = 2 Mbps x 4 = 8 Mbps
Bandwidth left for you = 10 - 8 = 2 Mbps
Time needed = (10 MB x 8 bits/byte) / 2 Mbps = 40 seconds
Using a Switch:
Bandwidth that the other four computers consume = 2 Mbps x 4 = 8 Mbps
Bandwidth left for you = 10 Mbps. The communication between the other
computers will not disturb you!
Time needed = (10 MB x 8 bits/byte)/10 Mbps = 8 seconds

Solutions for Chapter 1
EXWCIMS
1.54 To calculate d = axfc-axc, the CPU will perform 2 multiplications and 1
subtraction.
Time needed =10x2+1x1=21 nanoseconds.
We can simply rewrite the equation &sd = axb-axc= ax (b-c). Then 1 multi-
plication and 1 subtraction will be performed.
Time needed =10x1 + 1x1 = 11 nanoseconds.
1.55 No solution provided.
1.56 No solution provided.
1.57 No solution provided.
1.68 Performance characteristics:
Network address
Bandwidth (how fast can data be transferred?)
Latency (time between a request/response pair)
Max transmission unit (the maximum number of data that can be transmit-
ted in one shot)
Functions the interface provides:
Send data
Receive data
Status report (whether the cable is connected, etc?)
1.69 We can write Dies per wafer = /((Die area)"
1
) and Yield = /((Die area)"
2
)
and thus Cost per die = /((Die area)
3
).
1.60 No solution provided.
1.61 From the caption in Figure 1.15, we have 165 dies at 100% yield. If the defect
density is 1 per square centimeter, then the yield is approximated by
1
1 +
=
.198.
Thus, 165 x .198 = 32 dies with a cost of $1000/32 = $31.25 per die.

Solution* for Chapter 1 Exercises
1.62 Defects per area.
1
Yield =
1
(1 + Defects per area x Die area/2)
2
Defects per area = —
:
j —
L
••— - 1 |
1980
1992
1992 + 19S0
Die ares
Yield
Defect density
Die area
Yield
Defect density
improvement
0.16
0.48
5.54
0.97
0.48
0.91
6.09
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