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GprMax3.0最新用户指南pdf版
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GprMax3.0最新用户指南,gprMax是开源软件,可模拟电磁波传播。它使用有限差分时域(FDTD)方法在3D中求解麦克斯韦方程。 gprMax设计用于为探地雷达(GPR)建模,但也可以用于为许多其他应用程序建模电磁波传播。 gprMax主要用Python 3编写,而性能关键部分则用Cython编写。它包括使用OpenMP并行化的基于CPU的求解器,以及使用NVIDIA CUDA编程模型编写的基于GPU的求解器。
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gprMax User Guide
Release 3.0.0b12(Bowmore)
Craig Warren and Antonis Giannopoulos
January 08, 2016


Contents
1 Getting Started 1
1.1 What is gprMax? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Software structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Installation (End users) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Installation (Developers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 Run the code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Software Features 7
2.1 What’s new/changed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Key features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3 Guidance on GPR Modelling 13
3.1 Basic concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2 Coordinate system and conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.3 Spatial discretisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.4 Absorbing boundary conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4 Input file commands 19
4.1 Essential commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.2 General commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.3 Media commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.4 Object construction commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.5 Excitation commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.6 PML commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5 Geometry and Snapshot files 39
5.1 Geometry files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.2 Snapshot files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6 Output file 43
6.1 File structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
6.2 Viewing output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7 Plotting 47
7.1 A-scans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
7.2 B-scans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
7.3 Built-in waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
8 File utilities 55
8.1 inputfile_old2new.py . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
8.2 outputfiles_merge.py . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
9 Parallelism - OpenMP/MPI 57
i

9.1 OpenMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
9.2 MPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
10 Introductory/basic 2D models 59
10.1 A-scan from a metal cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
10.2 B-scan from a metal cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
11 Antenna models 65
11.1 Wire dipole antenna model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
11.2 Bowtie antenna model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
11.3 B-scan with a bowtie antenna model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
12 Advanced modelling 71
12.1 Building a heterogeneous soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
13 FAQs 75
14 References 77
Bibliography 79
ii

CHAPTER 1
Getting Started
1.1 What is gprMax?
gprMax (http://www.gprmax.com) is free software that simulates electromagnetic wave propagation. It solves
Maxwell’s equations in 3D using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. gprMax was designed for
modelling Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) but can also be used to model electromagnetic wave propagation for
many other applications.
gprMax is released under the GNU General Public License v3 or higher (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html).
gprMax is written in Python 3 (https://www.python.org) and includes performance-critical parts written in
Cython/OpenMP (http://cython.org).
1.1.1 Using gprMax? Cite us.
If you use gprMax and publish your work we would be grateful if you could cite gprMax using the following
references:
• Warren, C., Giannopoulos, A., & Giannakis I. (2015). An advanced GPR modelling framework –
the next generation of gprMax, In Proc. 8th Int. Workshop Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292621)
• Giannopoulos, A. (2005). Modelling ground penetrating radar by GprMax, Construction and Building
Materials, 19(10), 755-762 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.007)
1.2 Software structure
gprMax/
docs/
gprMax/
LICENSE
README.rst
setup.py
tests/
tools/
user_libs/
user_models/
• docs contains source files for the User Guide. The User Guide is written using reStructuredText
(http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html) markup, and is built using Sphinx (http://sphinx-doc.org) and Read
the Docs (https://readthedocs.org).
• gprMax is the main package. Within this package the main module is gprMax.py
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