Design steps taken from
1) www.ece.utah.edu/~harrison/ece5720/opampsim1.pdf
2) www.ece.utah.edu/~harrison/ece5720/opampsim2.pdf
This assignment will take you through the simulation and basic characterization of a simple
operational amplifier (opamp).
While most digital circuits use a single-polarity power supply (e.g., vdd and gnd), many
analog circuits . especially op amps are powered by a dual-polarity power supply (e.g., vdd,
vss, and gnd). By convention, vdd is positive relative to gnd (e.g.,+1.2V) and vss is negative
relative to gnd (e.g., -1.2V). The use of dual-polarity power supplies allows us to center ac
signals at gnd and build circuits capable of generating signals that swing above and below
gnd by a few volts.
However the current technology offers only single polarity supply where the vdd=1.2V and
the negative supply is gnd=0V. In order to design the opamp we need to redefine the single
polarity supply using the analog ground gnda.
This voltage can be given by the component gnda from the analogLib library in cadence
gnda=600m. So now we have something similar to a dual polarity supply in the current
technology to design the opamps.
Dual Polarity Single Polarity
VDD 2.5V vdd 1.2V
Gnd 0V gnda 600mV
VSS -2.5V gnd 0V
As you can see vdd is positive relative to gnda (e.g.,+600mV) and gnd is negative relative to
gnda (e.g., -600mV). We can use the dual-polarity power supplies to center ac signals at gnda
and build circuits capable of generating signals that swing above and below gnda by a few
hundred millivolts.
Important tips: Tie the substrate to gnd. The rule we must always obey is this: Always tie the
substrate to the most negative voltage in the circuit. In our case the gnd is the most negative
voltage of all since it has the lowest voltage of 0V. Remember, when in simulation, always tie
the bodies of all nMOS transistors to the most negative voltage (i.e. gnd), and always tie the
bodies of all pMOS transistors highest voltage (i.e. vdd) if it is a single well process.
Power supply design for your entire DAC
Use the following diagram for the power supply in
cadence simulations. Make sure all your signals are
centered on the gnda.
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