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RTEquation Chapter 6 Section 1
RTCA, Inc.
1828 L Street, NW, Suite 805
Washington, D.C. 20036, USA
MINIMUM OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS FOR GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM/WIDE AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM
AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT
RTCA DO-229D Prepared By:
December 13, 2006 SC-159
Copies of this document may be obtained from
RTCA, Inc.
1828 L Street NW, Suite 805
Washington, DC 20036, USA
Telephone: 202-833-9339
Facsimile: 202-833-9434
Internet: www.rtca.org
Please call RTCA for price and ordering information
Foreward
This report was prepared by Special Committee 159 (SC-159) and approved by the RTCA
Program Management Committee (PMC) on December 13, 2006.
RTCA, Incorporated is a not-for-profit corporation formed to advance the art and science of
aviation and aviation electronic systems for the benefit of the public. The organization functions
as a Federal Advisory Committee and develops consensus based recommendations on
contemporary aviation issues. RTCA’s objectives include but are not limited to:
• Coalescing aviation system user and provider technical requirements in a manner that
helps government and industry meet their mutual objectives and responsibilities;
• Analyzing and recommending solutions to the system technical issues that aviation faces
as it continues to pursue increased safety, system capacity, and efficiency;
• Developing consensus on the application of pertinent technology to fulfill user and
provider requirements, including development of minimum operational performance
standards for electronic systems and equipment that support aviation; and
• Assisting in developing the appropriate technical material upon which positions for the
International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Telecommunication
Union and other appropriate international organizations can be based.
The organizations’ recommendations are often used as the basis for government and private
sector decisions as well as the foundation for many Federal Aviation Administration Technical
Standard Orders.
Since RTCA is not an official agency of the United States Government, its recommendations may
not be regarded as statements of official government policy unless so enunciated by the U.S.
government organization or agency having statutory jurisdiction over any matters to which the
recommendations relate.
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
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© 2006, RTCA, Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE _________________________________________________ 1
1.1 Introduction________________________________________________________________ 1
1.2 System Overview ____________________________________________________________ 3
1.2.1 Wide Area Augmentation System _____________________________________________________3
1.2.2 GNSS Satellite Signal Characteristics __________________________________________________4
1.2.2.1 GPS Signal Characteristics ______________________________________________________4
1.2.2.2 WAAS Signal Characteristics ____________________________________________________5
1.3 Operational Goals ___________________________________________________________ 6
1.3.1 Intended Operational Applications_____________________________________________________6
1.3.2 Operational Environment ____________________________________________________________6
1.3.3 International Compatibility___________________________________________________________7
1.4 Equipment Classes __________________________________________________________ 8
1.4.1 Functional Classes _________________________________________________________________8
1.4.2 Operational Classes ________________________________________________________________9
1.4.3 Relation of Classes to Document Organization __________________________________________10
1.5 Aiding and Barometric Vertical Navigation_____________________________________ 11
1.5.1 SBAS and Barometric Vertical Navigation _____________________________________________11
1.5.2 Aiding of Fault Detection and Exclusion _______________________________________________12
1.6 Test Considerations_________________________________________________________ 12
1.6.1 Environmental Tests _______________________________________________________________12
1.6.2 Bench Tests______________________________________________________________________12
1.7 Definition of Key Terms _____________________________________________________ 13
1.7.1 General Terms ___________________________________________________________________13
1.7.2 Alert Limits and Protection Levels____________________________________________________14
1.7.3 Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) Terms ____________________________________________15
1.8 Assumptions and Approach to Selected Issues___________________________________ 20
1.8.1 General _________________________________________________________________________20
1.8.1.1 GPS Constellation and WAAS/SBAS Ground/Space Segments _________________________20
1.8.1.2 GPS/SBAS Performance _______________________________________________________20
1.8.1.3 Applicability ________________________________________________________________21
1.8.1.4 Interoperability_______________________________________________________________21
1.8.1.5 Integrity Monitoring___________________________________________________________21
1.8.1.6 Navigational Waypoints________________________________________________________21
1.8.1.7 RF Interference ______________________________________________________________22
1.8.1.8 Time of Applicability of Information in the SBAS Signal-in-Space ______________________22
1.8.1.9 Change of Broadcast Ephemeris _________________________________________________22
1.8.1.10 SBAS Regional Message Type (Message Type 27 and 28) __________________________22
1.8.2 Approach Applications_____________________________________________________________22
1.8.2.1 SBAS Performance for Approaches ______________________________________________22
1.8.2.2 Approach Path-in-Space _______________________________________________________23
1.8.2.3 LNAV/VNAV, LP, LPV Approach Position Integrity ________________________________23
1.8.2.4 Vector-to-Final (VTF) Approach_________________________________________________24
2.0 EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE AND TEST PROCEDURES _________________ 25
2.1 General Requirements ______________________________________________________ 25
2.1.1 Requirements Applicable to Beta, Gamma, and Delta Equipment____________________________25
2.1.1.1 General Requirements for All Navigation Modes ____________________________________25
2.1.1.1.1 Airworthiness _____________________________________________________________25
2.1.1.1.2 General Performance _______________________________________________________25
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