ISOIEC19501---UnifiedModelingLanguageSpecification

19501

UML

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ISO/IEC 19501:2005(E)

Date: January 2005

Unified Modeling Language Specification

Version 1.4.2

formal/05-04-01

This specification is also available from ISO as ISO/IEC 19501.

ISO/IEC 19501:2005(E)

1 Scope..................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative references .............................................................................................1

2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards ........................................ 1

3 General Information ...............................................................................................2

3.1 Description .......................................................................................................... 2

3.2 Outside the Scope of the UML ............................................................................ 3

3.2.1 Programming Languages......................................................................................... 3

3.2.2 Tools ........................................................................................................................ 3

3.2.3 Process ................................................................................................................... 3

3.3 Primary Artifacts of the UML ............................................................................... 4

3.3.1 UML-defining Artifacts ............................................................................................. 4

3.3.2 Development Project Artifacts ................................................................................. 4

3.4 Motivation to Define the UML .............................................................................. 5

3.4.1 Why We Model ........................................................................................................ 5

3.4.2 Industry Trends in Software .................................................................................... 5

3.4.3 Prior to Industry Convergence ................................................................................ 6

3.5 Goals of the UML ................................................................................................ 6

3.5.1 Comparing UML to Other Modeling Languages ...................................................... 8

3.5.2 Features of the UML ............................................................................................... 8

3.6 UML - Past, Present, and Future ..................................................................... 10

3.6.1 UML 0.8 - 0.91 ...................................................................................................... 10

3.6.2 UML Partners....................................................................................................... 11

3.6.3 UML - Present and Future ..................................................................................... 11

4 UML Semantics ....................................................................................................13

Part 1 - Background

4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 13

4.1.1 Purpose and Scope .............................................................................................. 13

4.1.2 Approach ............................................................................................................... 13

4.2 Language Architecture ...................................................................................... 14

4.2.1 Four-Layer Metamodel Architecture ...................................................................... 14

4.2.2 Package Structure.................................................................................................. 15

4.3 Language Formalism ........................................................................................ 17

4.3.1 Levels of Formalism............................................................................................... 17

4.3.2 Package Specification Structure ........................................................................... 18

4.3.3 Use of a Constraint Language .............................................................................. 19

4.3.4 Use of Natural Language ...................................................................................... 19

4.3.5 Naming Conventions and Typography.................................................................. 20

Part 2 - Foundation

4.4 Foundation Package ......................................................................................... 20

4.5 Core .................................................................................................................. 21

4.5.1 Overview ................................................................................................................ 21

4.5.2 Abstract Syntax ..................................................................................................... 21

4.5.3 Well-Formedness Rules ........................................................................................ 51

4.5.4 Detailed Semantics ............................................................................................... 63

ISO/IEC 19501:2005(E)

4.6 Extension Mechanisms ..................................................................................... 69

4.6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 69

4.6.2 Abstract Syntax ..................................................................................................... 71

4.6.3 Well-Formedness Rules ........................................................................................ 74

4.6.4 Detailed Semantics ............................................................................................... 76

4.6.5 Notes ..................................................................................................................... 77

4.7 Data Types ........................................................................................................ 78

4.7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 78

4.7.2 Abstract Syntax ..................................................................................................... 78

Part 3 - Behavioral Elements

4.8 Behavioral Elements Package ........................................................................... 85

4.9 Common Behavior ............................................................................................ 85

4.9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 85

4.9.2 Abstract Syntax ..................................................................................................... 85

4.9.3 Well-Formedness Rules......................................................................................... 96

4.9.4 Detailed Semantics ............................................................................................. 101

4.10 Collaborations ............................................................................................... 103

4.10.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 103

4.10.2 Abstract Syntax ................................................................................................. 104

4.10.3 Well-Formedness Rules.................................................................................... 111

4.10.4 Detailed Semantics ........................................................................................... 115

4.10.5 Notes ................................................................................................................. 118

4.11 Use Cases ..................................................................................................... 119

4.11.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 119

4.11.2 Abstract Syntax ................................................................................................. 119

4.11.3 Well-Formedness Rules.................................................................................... 122

4.11.4 Detailed Semantics ............................................................................................ 124

4.11.5 Notes ................................................................................................................. 128

4.12 State Machines .............................................................................................. 128

4.12.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 128

4.12.2 Abstract Syntax ................................................................................................. 128

4.12.3 Well-FormednessRules ..................................................................................... 136

4.12.4 Detailed Semantics ........................................................................................... 140

4.12.5 Notes ................................................................................................................. 148

4.13 Activity Graphs .............................................................................................. 152

4.13.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 152

4.13.2 Abstract Syntax ................................................................................................. 152

4.13.3 Well-Formedness Rules .................................................................................... 156

4.13.4 Detailed Semantics ........................................................................................... 159

4.13.5 Notes ................................................................................................................. 160

Part 4 - General Mechanisms

4.14 Model Management ....................................................................................... 161

4.14.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 161

4.14.2 Abstract Syntax ................................................................................................. 161

4.14.3 Well-Formedness Rules .................................................................................... 165

4.14.4 Semantics ......................................................................................................... 170

4.14.5 Notes ................................................................................................................. 174

ISO/IEC 19501:2005(E)

5 UML Notation Guide ..........................................................................................177

Part 1 - Background

5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 177

Part 2 - Diagram Elements

5.2 Graphs and Their Contents ............................................................................. 178

5.3 Drawing Paths ................................................................................................. 178

5.4 Invisible Hyperlinks and the Role of Tools ...................................................... 179

5.5 Background Information .................................................................................. 179

5.5.1 Presentation Options ........................................................................................... 179

5.6 String ............................................................................................................... 179

5.6.1 Semantics ........................................................................................................... 179

5.6.2 Notation ............................................................................................................... 179

5.6.3 Presentation Options ........................................................................................... 180

5.6.4 Examples ............................................................................................................ 180

5.6.5 Mapping .............................................................................................................. 180

5.7 Name ............................................................................................................... 180

5.7.1 Semantics ........................................................................................................... 180

5.7.2 Notation ............................................................................................................... 180

5.7.3 Example .............................................................................................................. 180

5.7.4 Mapping .............................................................................................................. 181

5.8 Label ............................................................................................................... 181

5.8.1 Semantics ........................................................................................................... 181

5.8.2 Notation ............................................................................................................... 181

5.8.3 Presentation Options........................................................................................... 181

5.8.4 Example ............................................................................................................... 181

5.9 Keywords ........................................................................................................ 181

5.10 Expression .................................................................................................... 182

5.10.1 Semantics ......................................................................................................... 182

5.10.2 Notation ............................................................................................................. 182

5.10.3 Examples .......................................................................................................... 182

5.10.4 Mapping ............................................................................................................ 182

5.10.5 OCL Expressions .............................................................................................. 182

5.10.6 Selected OCL Notation ..................................................................................... 183

5.10.7 Examples .......................................................................................................... 183

5.11 Note ............................................................................................................... 183

5.11.1 Semantics ......................................................................................................... 183

5.11.2 Notation ............................................................................................................. 183

5.11.3 Presentation Options ......................................................................................... 183

5.11.4 Example ............................................................................................................ 184

5.11.5 Mapping ............................................................................................................ 184

5.12 Type-Instance Correspondence .................................................................... 184

Part 3 - Model Management

5.13 Package ........................................................................................................ 186

5.13.1 Semantics ......................................................................................................... 186

5.13.2 Notation ............................................................................................................. 186

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