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Solutions
1
Solutions for CMOS VLSI Design 4th Edition. Last updated 26 March 2010.
Chapter 1
1.1 Starting with 100,000,000 transistors in 2004 and doubling every 26 months for 12
years gives transistors.
1.2 See Figure 1.4 for data through 2009. Some data includes:
Table 1: Microprocessor transistor counts
Date CPU Transistors (millions)
3/22/93 Pentium 3.1
10/1/95 Pentium Pro 5.5
5/7/97 Pentium II 7.5
2/26/99 Pentium III 9.5
10/25/99 Pentium III 28
11/20/00 Pentium 4 42
8/27/01 Pentium 4 55
2/2/04 Pentium 4 HT 125
10
8
2
12 12⋅
26
----------------
⎝⎠
⎛⎞
• 4.6B≈

SOLUTIONS
2
The transistor counts double approximately every 24 months.
1.3 Let your imagination soar!
1.4 Don’t be a jerk! Your answers should vary.
1.5
1.6
1
10
100
1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Transistors (Millions)
A
B
C
D
Y
A
B
Y
C
D
D
A
BC
A
B
C
D
D
AB
C
Y
AB
C
C
AB
B
A
A
B
(c)
Y
(b)(a)

CHAPTER 1 SOLUTIONS
3
1.7
1.8
AY
(a)
A
B
Y
(b)
A
B
Y
(c)
(d)
A
C
B
Y
Y
BB
C
C
B
AA
CC
BBB
AA

SOLUTIONS
4
1.9
1.10
1.11 The minimum area is 5 tracks by 5 tracks (40 λ x 40 λ = 1600 λ
2
).
1.12 The layout is 40 λ x 40 λ if minimum separation to adjacent metal is considered,
exactly as the track count estimated.
A0A0A1A1
Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
(a)
Y1
Y0
A0
A1
A1
A0
A2
(b)
A
VDD
GND
BC
Y
D

CHAPTER 1 SOLUTIONS
5
1.13
1.14 6 tracks wide by 6 tracks tall, or 2304 λ
2
.
1.15 This latch is nearly identical save that the inverter and transmission gate feedback
has been replaced by a tristate feedaback gate.
n+n+
p substrate
p+p+
n well
A
Y
VDD
n+
GND
B
YD
CLK
CLK
CLK
CLK
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