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21st Century C.pdf

21st

Century

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21st Century CThrow out your old ideas of C, and relearn a programming language that’s substantially outgrown its origins. With 21st Century C, you’ll discover up-to-date techniques that are absent from every other C text available. C isn’t just the foundation of modern programming languages, it is a modern language, ideal for writing efficient, state-of-the-art applications. Learn to dump old habits that made sense on mainframes, and pick up the tools you need to use this evolved and aggressively simple language. No matter what programming language you currently champion, you’ll agree that C rocks.

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21st Century C

Ben Klemens

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21st Century C

by Ben Klemens

Printed in the United States of America.

Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.

O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions

are also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our

corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com.

Editor: Nathan Jepson

Production Editor: Rachel Steely

Copyeditor: Linley Dolby

Proofreader: Teresa Horton

Indexer: Ellen Troutman

Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery

Interior Designer: David Futato

Illustrators: Robert Romano and Rebecca Demarest

November 2012: First Edition.

Revision History for the First Edition:

2012-10-12 First release

See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449327149 for release details.

Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of

O’Reilly Media, Inc. 21st Century C, the image of a common spotted cuscus, and related trade dress are

trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as

trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a

trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume

no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information con-

tained herein.

ISBN: 978-1-449-32714-9

[LSI]

1350398139

Table of Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Part I. The Environment

1. Set Yourself Up for Easy Compilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Use a Package Manager 4

Compiling C with Windows 6

POSIX for Windows 6

Compiling C with POSIX 7

Compiling C Without POSIX 8

Which Way to the Library? 9

A Few of My Favorite Flags 10

Paths 12

Runtime Linking 14

Using Makefiles 15

Setting Variables 16

The Rules 18

Using Libraries from Source 21

Using Libraries from Source (Even if Your Sysadmin Doesn’t Want You To) 23

Compiling C Programs via Here Document 24

Include Header Files from the Command Line 25

The Unified Header 25

Here Documents 26

Compiling from stdin 27

2. Debug, Test, Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Using a Debugger 29

GDB Variables 32

Print Your Structures 34

Using Valgrind to Check for Errors 37

Unit Testing 39

iii

剩余297页未读，继续阅读

Given: class Century implements Runnable { public void run() { for ( int year = 1900; year < 2000; year++ ) { System.out.println(year); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } System.out.println(“Happy new millennium!”); } } public class CountUp { public static void main(String[] args) { Century ourCentury = new Century(); // put your line here } } There’s a missing line in CountUp.main(), which is to begin the thread defined in Century. Which is the proper code: A. Thread t = new Thread(this); t.start(); B. Thread t = new Thread(ourCentury); ourCentury.start(); C. Thread t = new Thread(this); t.start(ourCentur); D. Thread t = new Thread(ourCentury); t.start();

The proper code to begin the thread defined in Century is option D: ``` Thread t = new Thread(ourCentury); t.start(); ``` Explanation: - Option A (`Thread t = new Thread(this); t.start();`) won't...

写一段java代码，运用单元测试的参数化设置题目：根据输入的年份判断是否为闰年，如果为世纪闰年输出“Century l eap year.”，如果为普通闰年输出“闰年”。，如果不为闰年输出“It i s not leap year.”。并设计测试数据进行判定覆盖测试

{ 2000, "Century leap year."}, { 2004, "Leap year."}, { 2100, "It is not leap year."} }); } @Test public void testLeapYear() { String message = "Failed for year " + year; ...

def fix_century(x): year = x.year - 100 if x.year > 1989 else x.year return datetime.date(year, x.month, x.day) data['Yr_Mo_Dy'] = data['Yr_Mo_Dy'].apply(fix_century) data.head()

这段代码是一个用于修正日期数据的函数，它将输入的日期对象 x 中的年份减去 100，如果年份大于 1989 年的话。然后，它用修正后的年、原来的月、原来的日重新创建一个新的日期对象，并将其作为修正后的日期数据返回...

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4. "The Semiconductor Industry in the 21st Century: New Dynamics and Opportunities"， McKinsey & Company，2019年。 5. "The Future of Semiconductors: Opportunities and Challenges"， World Economic ...

ds3231 century

在上面的代码中，我们使用Wire库初始化I2C通信，并使用RTC_DS3231库初始化DS3231芯片。然后，我们使用getYear()函数获取年份信息，并计算出世纪信息。最后，我们使用Serial.println()函数将世纪信息打印到串口监视器...

import pandas as pd import datetime #将数据作存储并且设置前三列为合适的索引 df = pd.read_csv('wind.data',sep='\s+',parse_dates=[[0,1,2]]) #2061年？我们真的有这一年的数据？创建一个函数并用它去修复这个bug def fix_century(x): year = x.year - 100 if x.year>1999 else x.year return datetime.date(year,x.month,x.day) df['Yr_Mo_Dy'] = df['Yr_Mo_Dy'].apply(fix_century) #将日期设为索引，注意数据类型，应该是datetime64[ns] df['Yr_Mo_Dy'] = pd.to_datetime(df['Yr_Mo_Dy']) df = df.set_index('Yr_Mo_Dy') #对应每一个location，一共有多少数据值缺失 df.isnull().sum() #对应每一个location，一共有多少完整的数据值 df.shape[1] - df.isnull().sum() #对于全体数据，计算风速的平均值 df.mean().mean() #创建一个名为loc_stats的数据框去计算并存储每个location的风速最小值，最大值，平均值和标准差 loc_stats = pd.DataFrame() loc_stats['min'] = df.min() loc_stats['max'] = df.max() loc_stats['mean'] = df.mean() loc_stats['std'] = df.std() #创建一个名为day_stats的数据框去计算并存储所有天的风速最小值，最大值，平均值和标准差 day_stats = pd.DataFrame() day_stats['min'] = df.min(axis=1) day_stats['max'] = df.max(axis=1) day_stats['mean'] = df.mean(axis=1) day_stats['std'] = df.std(axis=1) #对于每一个location，计算一月份的平均风速 df['date'] = df.index df['year'] = df['date'].apply(lambda df: df.year) df['month'] = df['date'].apply(lambda df: df.month) df['day'] = df['date'].apply(lambda df: df.day) january_winds = df.query('month ==1') #query等同于df[df.month==1] january_winds.loc[:,'RPT':'MAL'].mean() #对于数据记录按照年为频率取样 df.query('month ==1 and day == 1') #对于数据记录按照月为频率取样 df.query('day == 1')

2. 在 fix_century 函数中，应该将年份减去 100，而不是减去 1，以便正确地将年份转换为 1900 年代或 2000 年代。 3. 在计算每个位置的缺失数据的总数时，应该使用 df.isnull().sum(axis=0) 而不是 df.isnull().sum...

tox21, toxcast, and clintox

Tox21是Toxicology in the 21st Century（21世纪毒理学）的缩写，是美国环境保护局（EPA）、国立卫生研究院（NIH）和食品药品监管局（FDA）共同进行的一个合作项目。它旨在通过高通量筛选技术，评估和预测化学物质对...

校园建筑火灾国内外研究现状，并附上参考文献

Fire detection technology for the 21st century. Fire Technology, 45(1), 49-61. 申继亮, & 张伟. (2016). 建筑物防火材料的研究进展. 建筑学报, 61(12), 20-27. Hadjisophocleous, G. V., & Li, Y. (2010). ...

用C++编写程序，实现以下问题2、题目ID Codes（POJ1146） Time Limit: 1000MS Memory Limit: 10000K 描述： It is 2084 and the year of Big Brother has finally arrived, albeit a century late. In order to exercise greater control over its citizens and thereby to counter a chronic breakdown in law and order, the Government decides on a radical measure--all citizens are to have a tiny microcomputer surgically implanted in their left wrists. This computer will contains all sorts of personal information as well as a transmitter which will allow people's movements to be logged and monitored by a central computer. (A desirable side effect of this process is that it will shorten the dole queue for plastic surgeons.) An essential component of each computer will be a unique identification code, consisting of up to 50 characters drawn from the 26 lower case letters. The set of characters for any given code is chosen somewhat haphazardly. The complicated way in which the code is imprinted into the chip makes it much easier for the manufacturer to produce codes which are rearrangements of other codes than to produce new codes with a different selection of letters. Thus, once a set of letters has been chosen all possible codes derivable from it are used before changing the set. For example, suppose it is decided that a code will contain exactly 3 occurrences of a', 2 of b' and 1 of c', then three of the allowable 60 codes under these conditions are: abaabc abaacb ababac These three codes are listed from top to bottom in alphabetic order. Among all codes generated with this set of characters, these codes appear consecutively in this order. Write a program to assist in the issuing of these identification codes. Your program will accept a sequence of no more than 50 lower case letters (which may contain repeated characters) and print the successor code if one exists or the message No Successor' if the given code is the last in the sequence for that set of characters. 输入： Input will consist of a series of lines each containing a string representing a code. The entire file will be terminated by a line consisting of a single #. 输出： Output will consist of one line for each code read containing the successor code or the words 'No Successor'. 样例输入 abaacb cbbaa # 样例输出 ababac No Successor

以下是使用C++编写的程序，可以解决该问题： ```c++ #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() ... while(cin >> str && str[0] !... if(next_permutation(str, str + strlen(str))) ...

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def fix_century(x): year = x.year - 100 if x.year > 1989 else x.year return datetime.date(year, x.month, x.day) data['Yr_Mo_Dy'] = data['Yr_Mo_Dy'].apply(fix_century) data.head()

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写一段Java代码根据输入的年份判断是否为闰年，如果为世纪闰年输出“Century l eap year.”，如果为普通闰年输出“闰年”。，如果不为闰年输出“It i s not leap year.”。并设计测试数据进行判定覆盖测试。