yocto超详细教程，看完必会搭建linux系统_yocto中文教程pdf,yocto教程

yocto

linux

1星需积分: 48 80 浏览量更新于2023-03-16 16 收藏 6.95MB PDF 举报

身份认证购VIP最低享 7 折!

领优惠券(最高得80元）

资源详情

资源推荐

Scott Rifenbark

Scotty's Documentation Services, INC

<srifenbark@gmail.com>

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike

2.0 UK: England & Wales as published by Creative Commons.

Manual Notes

• This version of the Yocto Project Mega-Manual is for the 2.7 release of the Yocto Project. To be sure

you have the latest version of the manual for this release, go to the Yocto Project documentation page and

select the manual from that site. Manuals from the site are more up-to-date than manuals derived from

the Yocto Project released TAR files.

• If you located this manual through a web search, the version of the manual might not be the one you want

(e.g. the search might have returned a manual much older than the Yocto Project version with which you

are working). You can see all Yocto Project major releases by visiting the Releases page. If you need a

version of this manual for a different Yocto Project release, visit the Yocto Project documentation page and

select the manual set by using the "ACTIVE RELEASES DOCUMENTATION" or "DOCUMENTS ARCHIVE" pull-

down menus.

• To report any inaccuracies or problems with this manual, send an email to the Yocto Project discussion

group at yocto@yoctoproject.com or log into the freenode #yocto channel.

Revision History

Revision 1.8 April 2015

Released with the Yocto Project 1.8 Release.

Revision 2.0 October 2015

Released with the Yocto Project 2.0 Release.

Revision 2.1 April 2016

Released with the Yocto Project 2.1 Release.

Revision 2.2 October 2016

Released with the Yocto Project 2.2 Release.

Revision 2.3 May 2017

Released with the Yocto Project 2.3 Release.

Revision 2.4 October 2017

Released with the Yocto Project 2.4 Release.

Revision 2.5 May 2018

Released with the Yocto Project 2.5 Release.

Revision 2.6 November 2018

Released with the Yocto Project 2.6 Release.

Revision 2.7 May 2019

Released with the Yocto Project 2.7 Release.

Abstract¶

The Yocto Project Mega-Manual is a concatenation of the published Yocto Project HTML manuals along with the corresponding BitBake

User Manual for the given release. The Mega-Manual exists to help users efficiently search for strings across the entire Yocto Project

documentation set inclusive of the BitBake User Manual.

1/498Yocto Project Mega-Manual

2019/

https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/current/mega

manual/mega

manual.html

Yocto Project Quick Build¶

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike

2.0 UK: England & Wales as published by Creative Commons.

Abstract¶

1. Welcome!¶

Welcome! This short document steps you through the process for a typical image build using the Yocto Project. The document also

introduces how to configure a build for specific hardware. You will use Yocto Project to build a reference embedded OS called Poky.

Notes

• The examples in this paper assume you are using a native Linux system running a recent Ubuntu Linux

distribution. If the machine you want to use Yocto Project on to build an image (build host) is not a native

Linux system, you can still perform these steps by using CROss PlatformS (CROPS) and setting up a Poky

container. See the Setting Up to Use CROss PlatformS (CROPS)" section in the Yocto Project Development

Tasks Manual for more information.

• You cannot use a build host that is using the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). The Yocto Project is not

compatible with WSL.

If you want more conceptual or background information on the Yocto Project, see the Yocto project Overview and Concepts Manual.

2. Compatible Linux Distribution¶

Make sure your build host meets the following requirements:

• 50 Gbytes of free disk space

• Runs a supported Linux distribution (i.e. recent releases of Fedora, openSUSE, CentOS, Debian, or Ubuntu). For a list of Linux

distributions that support the Yocto Project, see the "Supported Linux Distributions" section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual. For

detailed information on preparing your build host, see the "Preparing the Build Host" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks

Manual.

•

◦ Git 1.8.3.1 or greater

◦ tar 1.27 or greater

◦ Python 3.4.0 or greater.

If your build host does not meet any of these three listed version requirements, you can take steps to prepare the system so that you

can still use the Yocto Project. See the "Required Git, tar, and Python Versions" section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for

information.

3. Build Host Packages¶

You must install essential host packages on your build host. The following command installs the host packages based on an Ubuntu

distribution:

Note

For host package requirements on all supported Linux distributions, see the "Required Packages for the Build

Host" section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.

$ sudo apt-get install gawk wget git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib \

build-essential chrpath socat cpio python python3 python3-pip python3-pexpect \

xz-utils debianutils iputils-ping python3-git python3-jinja2 libegl1-mesa libsdl1.2-dev \

xterm

4. Use Git to Clone Poky¶

Once you complete the setup instructions for your machine, you need to get a copy of the Poky repository on your build host. Use the

following commands to clone the Poky repository.

$ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky

Cloning into 'poky'...

remote: Counting objects: 432160, done.

remote: Compressing objects: 100% (102056/102056), done.

remote: Total 432160 (delta 323116), reused 432037 (delta 323000)

2/498Yocto Project Mega-Manual

2019/

https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/current/mega

manual/mega

manual.html

Receiving objects: 100% (432160/432160), 153.81 MiB | 8.54 MiB/s, done.

Resolving deltas: 100% (323116/323116), done.

Checking connectivity... done.

Move to the poky directory and take a look at the tags:

$ cd poky

$ git fetch --tags

$ git tag

1.1_M1.final

1.1_M1.rc1

1.1_M1.rc2

1.1_M2.final

1.1_M2.rc1

yocto-2.5

yocto-2.5.1

yocto-2.5.2

yocto-2.6

yocto-2.6.1

yocto-2.6.2

yocto-2.7

yocto_1.5_M5.rc8

For this example, check out the branch based on the yocto-2.7 release:

$ git checkout tags/yocto-2.7 -b my-yocto-2.7

Switched to a new branch 'my-yocto-2.7'

The previous Git checkout command creates a local branch named my-yocto-2.7. The files available to you in that branch exactly match

the repository's files in the "warrior" development branch at the time of the Yocto Project yocto-2.7 release.

For more options and information about accessing Yocto Project related repositories, see the "Locating Yocto Project Source Files" section

in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.

5. Building Your Image¶

Use the following steps to build your image. The build process creates an entire Linux distribution, including the toolchain, from source.

Note

• If you are working behind a firewall and your build host is not set up for proxies, you could encounter

problems with the build process when fetching source code (e.g. fetcher failures or Git failures).

• If you do not know your proxy settings, consult your local network infrastructure resources and get that

information. A good starting point could also be to check your web browser settings. Finally, you can find

more information on the "Working Behind a Network Proxy" page of the Yocto Project Wiki.

1. Initialize the Build Environment: From within the poky directory, run the oe-init-build-env environment setup

script to define Yocto Project's build environment on your build host.

$ cd ~/poky

$ source oe-init-build-env

You had no conf/local.conf file. This configuration file has therefore been

created for you with some default values. You may wish to edit it to, for

example, select a different MACHINE (target hardware). See conf/local.conf

for more information as common configuration options are commented.

You had no conf/bblayers.conf file. This configuration file has therefore been

created for you with some default values. To add additional metadata layers

into your configuration please add entries to conf/bblayers.conf.

The Yocto Project has extensive documentation about OE including a reference

manual which can be found at:

http://yoctoproject.org/documentation

For more information about OpenEmbedded see their website:

http://www.openembedded.org/

### Shell environment set up for builds. ###

You can now run 'bitbake <target>'

Common targets are:

core-image-minimal

core-image-sato

meta-toolchain

meta-ide-support

You can also run generated qemu images with a command like 'runqemu qemux86'

Among other things, the script creates the Build Directory, which is build in this case and is located in the Source Directory.

After the script runs, your current working directory is set to the Build Directory. Later, when the build completes, the Build

Directory contains all the files created during the build.

2. Examine Your Local Configuration File: When you set up the build environment, a local configuration file named

local.conf becomes available in a conf subdirectory of the Build Directory. For this example, the defaults are set to

build for a qemux86 target, which is suitable for emulation. The package manager used is set to the RPM package manager.

3/498Yocto Project Mega-Manual

2019/

https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/current/mega

manual/mega

manual.html

Tip

You can significantly speed up your build and guard against fetcher failures by using mirrors. To use

mirrors, add these lines to your local.conf file in the Build directory:

SSTATE_MIRRORS = "\

file://.* http://sstate.yoctoproject.org/dev/PATH;downloadfilename=PATH \n \

file://.* http://sstate.yoctoproject.org/2.6/PATH;downloadfilename=PATH \n \

file://.* http://sstate.yoctoproject.org/2.7/PATH;downloadfilename=PATH \n \

The previous examples showed how to add sstate paths for Yocto Project 2.6, 2.7, and a development

area. For a complete index of sstate locations, see http://sstate.yoctoproject.org/.

3. Start the Build: Continue with the following command to build an OS image for the target, which is core-image-sato

in this example:

$ bitbake core-image-sato

For information on using the bitbake command, see the "BitBake" section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts

Manual, or see the "BitBake Command" section in the BitBake User Manual.

4. Simulate Your Image Using QEMU: Once this particular image is built, you can start QEMU, which is a Quick EMUlator that

ships with the Yocto Project:

$ runqemu qemux86

If you want to learn more about running QEMU, see the "Using the Quick EMUlator (QEMU)" chapter in the Yocto Project

Development Tasks Manual.

5. Exit QEMU: Exit QEMU by either clicking on the shutdown icon or by typing Ctrl-C in the QEMU transcript window from

which you evoked QEMU.

6. Customizing Your Build for Specific Hardware¶

So far, all you have done is quickly built an image suitable for emulation only. This section shows you how to customize your build for

specific hardware by adding a hardware layer into the Yocto Project development environment.

In general, layers are repositories that contain related sets of instructions and configurations that tell the Yocto Project what to do.

Isolating related metadata into functionally specific layers facilitates modular development and makes it easier to reuse the layer

metadata.

Note

By convention, layer names start with the string "meta-".

Follow these steps to add a hardware layer:

1. Find a Layer: Lots of hardware layers exist. The Yocto Project Source Repositories has many hardware layers. This example adds

the meta-altera hardware layer.

2. Clone the Layer Use Git to make a local copy of the layer on your machine. You can put the copy in the top level of the copy of

the Poky repository created earlier:

$ cd ~/poky

$ git clone https://github.com/kraj/meta-altera.git

Cloning into 'meta-altera'...

remote: Counting objects: 25170, done.

remote: Compressing objects: 100% (350/350), done.

remote: Total 25170 (delta 645), reused 719 (delta 538), pack-reused 24219

Receiving objects: 100% (25170/25170), 41.02 MiB | 1.64 MiB/s, done.

Resolving deltas: 100% (13385/13385), done.

Checking connectivity... done.

The hardware layer now exists with other layers inside the Poky reference repository on your build host as meta-altera

and contains all the metadata needed to support hardware from Altera, which is owned by Intel.

3. Change the Configuration to Build for a Specific Machine: The MACHINE variable in the local.conf file specifies

the machine for the build. For this example, set the MACHINE variable to "cyclone5". These configurations are used:

https://github.com/kraj/meta-altera/blob/master/conf/machine/cyclone5.conf.

Note

See the "Examine Your Local Configuration File" step earlier for more information on configuring the

build.

4. Add Your Layer to the Layer Configuration File: Before you can use a layer during a build, you must add it to your

bblayers.conf file, which is found in the Build Directory's conf directory.

Use the bitbake-layers add-layer command to add the layer to the configuration file:

$ cd ~/poky/build

$ bitbake-layers add-layer ../meta-altera

NOTE: Starting bitbake server...

Parsing recipes: 100% |##################################################################| Time: 0:00:32

Parsing of 918 .bb files complete (0 cached, 918 parsed). 1401 targets, 123 skipped, 0 masked, 0 errors.

You can find more information on adding layers in the "Adding a Layer Using the bitbake-layers Script" section.

4/498Yocto Project Mega-Manual

2019/

https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/current/mega

manual/mega

manual.html

Completing these steps has added the

meta-altera

layer to your Yocto Project development environment and configured it to

build for the "cyclone5" machine.

Note

The previous steps are for demonstration purposes only. If you were to attempt to build an image for the

"cyclone5" build, you should read the Altera README.

7. Creating Your Own General Layer¶

Maybe you have an application or specific set of behaviors you need to isolate. You can create your own general layer using the

bitbake-layers create-layer command. The tool automates layer creation by setting up a subdirectory with a

layer.conf configuration file, a recipes-example subdirectory that contains an example.bb recipe, a licensing file,

and a README.

The following commands run the tool to create a layer named meta-mylayer in the poky directory:

$ cd ~/poky

$ bitbake-layers create-layer meta-mylayer

NOTE: Starting bitbake server...

Add your new layer with 'bitbake-layers add-layer meta-mylayer'

For more information on layers and how to create them, see the "Creating a General Layer Using the bitbake-layers Script"

section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.

8. Where To Go Next¶

Now that you have experienced using the Yocto Project, you might be asking yourself "What now?" The Yocto Project has many sources

of information including the website, wiki pages, and user manuals:

• Website: The Yocto Project Website provides background information, the latest builds, breaking news, full development

documentation, and access to a rich Yocto Project Development Community into which you can tap.

• Developer Screencast: The Getting Started with the Yocto Project - New Developer Screencast Tutorial provides a 30-minute video

created for users unfamiliar with the Yocto Project but familiar with Linux build hosts. While this screencast is somewhat dated, the

introductory and fundamental concepts are useful for the beginner.

• Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual: The Yocto project Overview and Concepts Manual is a great place to start to learn

about the Yocto Project. This manual introduces you to the Yocto Project and its development environment. The manual also provides

conceptual information for various aspects of the Yocto Project.

• Yocto Project Wiki: The Yocto Project Wiki provides additional information on where to go next when ramping up with the Yocto

Project, release information, project planning, and QA information.

• Yocto Project Mailing Lists: Related mailing lists provide a forum for discussion, patch submission and announcements. Several

mailing lists exist and are grouped according to areas of concern. See the "Mailing lists" section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual

for a complete list of Yocto Project mailing lists.

• Comprehensive List of Links and Other Documentation: The "Links and Related Documentation" section in the Yocto Project

Reference Manual provides a comprehensive list of all related links and other user documentation.

Chapter 1. The Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual¶

1.1. Welcome

1.2. Other Information

1.1. Welcome¶

Welcome to the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual! This manual introduces the Yocto Project by providing concepts, software

overviews, best-known-methods (BKMs), and any other high-level introductory information suitable for a new Yocto Project user.

The following list describes what you can get from this manual:

• Introducing the Yocto Project: This chapter provides an introduction to the Yocto Project. You will learn about features and

challenges of the Yocto Project, the layer model, components and tools, development methods, the Poky reference distribution, the

OpenEmbedded build system workflow, and some basic Yocto terms.

• The Yocto Project Development Environment: This chapter helps you get started understanding the Yocto Project development

environment. You will learn about open source, development hosts, Yocto Project source repositories, workflows using Git and the

Yocto Project, a Git primer, and information about licensing.

5/498Yocto Project Mega-Manual

2019/

https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/current/mega

manual/mega

manual.html

剩余497页未读，继续阅读

好好学习！

粉丝: 28
资源: 17

会员权益专享

yocto 超详细教程，看完必会搭建linux系统

会员权益专享

最新资源

yocto 超详细教程，看完必会搭建linux系统

yocto工程开发手册（中文）

yocto 2018 年最新官方完整pdf文档

GTK+2.0+中文教程.pdf

yocto项目构建教程

嵌入式linux系统开发:基于yocto project pdf

如何在yocto嵌入式linux系统中使用smem命令？

如果没有YOCTO，那么一个LINUX系统嵌入式的开发者需要做什么才能不足没有YOCTO所带来的后果呢？

所以LINUX系统的嵌入式是必须要YOCTO的吗？

Yocto和Linux的区别

yocto 构建系统介绍

yocto linux 关系

所以一些LINUX嵌入式芯片的开发板是没有YOCTO的吗？这类开发板需要YOCTO吗？

yocto编译linux

yocto系列讲解 构建linux kernel

run qton linux embedded systemsusing yocto下载

那么为什么有一些LINUX嵌入式系统中会有yocto这一文件夹？它是干什么用的？为什么要有它？有它的好处是什么？没有它会发生什么？

yocto rocko中没有linux-yocto

yocto kubild

yocto是如何构建文件系统

是否可以绕开yocto单独编译linux的kernel

会员权益专享

最新资源

yocto系列讲解构建linux kernel