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CDH4里的Impala安装使用文档
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更新于2023-03-16
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Cloudera发布的实时查询开源项目,称比原来基于MapReduce的Hive SQL查询速度提升3~90倍。mpala采用与Hive相同的元数据、SQL语法、ODBC驱动程序和用户接口(Hue Beeswax),这样在使用CDH产品时,批处理和实时查询的平台是统一的。此文档详细解释了Impala的安装配置和使用。
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Installing and Using Cloudera Impala
Cloudera, Inc.
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Palo Alto, CA 94306
info@cloudera.com
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Intl: 1-650-362-0488
www.cloudera.com
Important Notice
© 2010-2012 Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cloudera, the Cloudera logo, and any other product or service names or slogans contained in this
document, except as otherwise disclaimed, are trademarks of Cloudera and its suppliers or licensors,
and may not be copied, imitated or used, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of
Cloudera or the applicable trademark holder.
Hadoop and the Hadoop elephant logo are trademarks of the Apache Software Foundation. All other
trademarks, registered trademarks, product names and company names or logos mentioned in this
document are the property of their respective owners. Reference to any products, services, processes or
other information, by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, supplier or otherwise does not constitute
or imply endorsement, sponsorship or recommendation thereof by us.
Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights
under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of Cloudera.
Cloudera may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property
rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license
agreement from Cloudera, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these
patents, trademarks copyrights, or other intellectual property.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cloudera shall not be liable for
any damages resulting from technical errors or omissions which may be present in this document, or
from use of this document.
Version: Cloudera Impala 1.0 Beta
Date: October 23, 2012
Contents
ABOUT THIS GUIDE ................................................................................................................................................ 1
INTRODUCING CLOUDERA IMPALA ........................................................................................................................ 1
ARCHITECTURE .............................................................................................................................................................. 1
Primary Impala Features ....................................................................................................................................... 2
Impala Benefits ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
INSTALLING IMPALA .............................................................................................................................................. 2
REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Software Requirements ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Hardware Requirements ....................................................................................................................................... 3
User Account Requirements .................................................................................................................................. 3
INSTALLATION PROCESS ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Impala Components .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Installing Impala without Cloudera Manager ....................................................................................................... 4
CONFIGURING IMPALA .......................................................................................................................................... 6
CONFIGURING FOR PERFORMANCE WITHOUT CLOUDERA MANAGER ........................................................................................ 6
Testing Impala for High Performance Configuration ............................................................................................ 8
CONFIGURING IMPALA TO WORK WITH ODBC .................................................................................................................... 9
Configuring Linux to Use ODBC ............................................................................................................................. 9
Configuring Windows to Use ODBC .................................................................................................................... 11
CONFIGURING HUE BEESWAX TO CONNECT WITH IMPALA .................................................................................................... 12
USING IMPALA ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
STARTING IMPALA WITHOUT CLOUDERA MANAGER ............................................................................................................ 12
USING THE IMPALA SHELL .............................................................................................................................................. 15
Installing the Impala Shell ................................................................................................................................... 15
Connecting to Impalad ........................................................................................................................................ 15
Running Commands ............................................................................................................................................ 16
RESPONDING TO HIVE METADATA UPDATES ...................................................................................................................... 17
LANGUAGE REFERENCE ........................................................................................................................................ 18
SELECT QUERY LANGUAGE ........................................................................................................................................... 18
Data Definition Language ................................................................................................................................... 19
Data Manipulation .............................................................................................................................................. 19
UNSUPPORTED LANGUAGE ELEMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 19
TROUBLESHOOTING IMPALA ............................................................................................................................... 21
PORTS USED BY IMPALA ...................................................................................................................................... 23
PORTS USED BY IMPALA ................................................................................................................................................ 23
About this Guide
Installing and Using Cloudera Impala | 1
About this Guide
This guide explains how to install, configure, and use Cloudera Impala™. This guide includes information
on what problems Impala solves and how it differs from other similar technologies. Impala works with
CDH4.1.
Introducing Cloudera Impala
Cloudera Impala™ provides fast, interactive SQL queries directly on your Apache Hadoop data stored in
HDFS or HBase. In addition to using the same unified storage platform, Impala also uses the same
metadata, SQL syntax (Hive SQL), ODBC driver and user interface (Hue Beeswax) as Apache Hive. This
provides a familiar and unified platform for batch-oriented or real-time queries.
Cloudera Impala is an addition to tools available for querying big data. Impala does not replace the batch
processing frameworks built on MapReduce such as Hive. Hive and other frameworks built on
MapReduce are best suited for long running batch jobs, such as those involving batch processing of
Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL) type jobs.
Architecture
The following graphic illustrates Impala's positioning in the broader Cloudera environment.
The Impala solution is composed of the following components:
• Impala State Store - The state store coordinates information about all instances of impalad
running in your environment. This information is used to find data so the distributed resources
can be used to respond to queries.
• impalad - This process runs on datanodes and responds to queries from the Impala shell.
impalad receives requests from the database connector layer and schedules the tasks for
optimal execution. Intermittently, the impalad updates the Impala State Store of its name and
address.
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