HTML5高级程序设计，第2版（ProHTML5Programming,2ndEdition）

HTML5高级程序设计，第2版

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BOOKS FOR PROFESSIONALS BY PROFESSIONALS

Pro HTML5 Programming

Pro HTML5 Programming shows you how you can build web applications that fea-

ture unparalleled functionality, speed, and responsiveness. Packed with practical, real-

world examples of HTML5 features in action, this book shows you how to develop

cutting-edge HTML5 web applications using Canvas, SVG, Web and Offline Storage,

WebSocket, Audio/Video, Forms, Geolocation, and more. You’ll learn how to take full

advantage of the most popular, useful, and powerful HTML5 APIs.

First you’ll discover how the Canvas API offers a simpler way to spruce up your

user interface without plugins. From there, you’ll see how the Geolocation API can

help customize a user’s experience based on location and how the Communication

and WebSocket APIs offer you increasingly powerful ways to communicate with other

websites and stream real-time data to a web application. Pro HTML5 Programming

helps you to increase the usability of your forms, get your website to work offline, and

manage data better.

This book shows you how to unlock the power of the latest, cutting-edge HTML5

web technology. It will sharpen your web design and development skills, giving you an

extra edge that will help make your applications stand out.

Contents at a Glance

 Foreword............................................................................................................... xv

 About the Authors................................................................................................ xvi

 About the Technical Reviewer ............................................................................ xvii

 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................. xviii

 Introduction ......................................................................................................... xix

 Chapter 1: Overview of HTML5................................................................................1

 Chapter 2: Using the Canvas API ..........................................................................23

 Chapter 3: Working with Scalable Vector Graphics..............................................63

 Chapter 4: Working with Audio and Video ............................................................83

 Chapter 5: Using the Geolocation API .................................................................107

 Chapter 6: Using the Communication APIs .........................................................135

 Chapter 7: Using the WebSocket API ..................................................................159

 Chapter 8: Using the Forms API..........................................................................193

 Chapter 9: Working with Drag-and-Drop ............................................................217

 Chapter 10: Using the Web Workers API.............................................................241

 Chapter 11: Using the Storage APIs....................................................................263

 Chapter 12: Creating Offline Web Applications..................................................295

 Chapter 13: The Future of HTML5 .......................................................................313

 Index ...................................................................................................................323

C H A P T E R 1

Overview of HTML5

This book is about HTML5 Programming. Before you can understand HTML5 programming, however,

you need to take a step back and understand what HTML5 is, a bit of the history behind it, and the

differences between HTML 4 and HTML5.

In this chapter, we get right to the practical questions to which everyone wants answers. Why

HTML5, and why all the excitement just now? What are the new design principles that make HTML5

truly revolutionary—but also highly accommodating? What are the implications of a plugin-free

paradigm; what’s in and what’s out? What’s new in HTML, and how does this kick off a whole new era for

web developers? Let’s get to it.

The Story So Far—The History of HTML5

HTML goes back a long way. It was first published as an Internet draft in 1993. The ’90s saw an

enormous amount of activity around HTML, with version 2.0, versions 3.2, and 4.0 (in the same year!),

and finally, in 1999, version 4.01. In the course of its development, the World Wide Web Consortium

(W3C) assumed control of the specification.

After the rapid delivery of these four versions though, HTML was widely considered a dead-end; the

focus of web standards shifted to XML and XHTML, and HTML was put on the back burner. In the

meantime, HTML refused to die, and the majority of content on the web continued to be served as

HTML. To enable new web applications and address HTML’s shortcomings, new features and

specifications were needed for HTML.

Wanting to take the web platform to a new level, a small group of people started the Web Hypertext

Application Working Group (WHATWG) in 2004. They created the HTML5 specification. They also began

working on new features specifically geared to web applications—the area they felt was most lacking. It

was around this time that the term Web 2.0 was coined. And it really was like a second new web, as static

web sites gave way to more dynamic and social sites that required more features—a lot more features.

The W3C became involved with HTML again in 2006 and published the first working draft for

HTML5 in 2008, and the XHTML 2 working group stopped in 2009. Another two years passed, and that is

where we stand today. Because HTML5 solves very practical problems (as you will see later), browser

vendors are feverishly implementing its new features, even though the specification has not been

completely locked down. Experimentation by the browsers feeds back into and improves the

specification. HTML5 is rapidly evolving to address real and practical improvements to the web

platform.

MOMENTS IN HTML

Brian says: “Hi, I’m Brian, and I’m an HTML curmudgeon.

CHAPTER 1  OVERVIEW OF HTML5

I authored my first home page back in 1995. At the time, a ‘home page’ was something you created to talk

about yourself. It usually consisted of badly scanned pictures,

<blink> tags, information about where you

lived and what you were reading, and which computer-related project you were currently working on.

Myself and most of my fellow ‘World Wide Web developers’ were attending or employed by universities.

At the time, HTML was primitive and tools were unavailable. Web applications hardly existed, other than a

few primitive text-processing scripts. Pages were coded by hand using your favorite text editor. They were

updated every few weeks or months, if ever.

We’ve come a long way in fifteen years.

Today, it isn’t uncommon for users to update their online profiles many times a day. This type of

interaction wouldn’t have been possible if not for the steady, lurching advances in online tools that built on

each previous generation.

Keep this in mind as you read this book. The examples we show here may seem simplistic at times, but

the potential is limitless. Those of us who first used

<img> tags in the mid-1990s probably had no idea that

within ten years, many people would be storing and editing their photos online, but we should have

predicted it.

We hope the examples we present in this book will inspire you beyond the basics and to create the new

foundation of the Web for the next decade.”

The Myth of 2022 and Why It Doesn’t Matter

The HTML5 specification that we see today has been published as a working draft—it is not yet final. So

when does it get cast in stone? Here are the key dates that you need to know. The first is 2012, which is

the target date for the candidate recommendation. The second date is 2022, which is the proposed

recommendation. Wait! Not so fast! Don’t close this book to set it aside for ten years before you consider

what these two dates actually mean.

The first and nearest date is arguably the most important one, because once we reach that stage,

HTML5 will be complete. That’s just around the corner. The significance of the proposed

recommendation (which we can all agree is a bit distant) is that there will then be two interoperable

implementations. In other words, two browsers equipped with completely interoperable

implementations of the entire specifications—a lofty goal that actually makes the 2022 deadline seem

ambitious. After all, we haven’t even achieved that in HTML4 and only recently for CSS2!

What is important, right now, is that browser vendors are actively adding support for many very cool

new features, and some of those are already in the Final Call for comments phase. Depending on your

audience, you can start using many of these features today. Sure, any number of minor changes will

need to be made down the road, but that’s a small price to pay for enjoying the benefits of living on the

cutting edge. Of course, if your audience uses Internet Explorer 6.0, many of the new features won’t work

and will require emulation—but that’s still not a good reason to dismiss HTML5. After all, those users,

too, will eventually be jumping to a later version. Many of them will probably move to Internet Explorer

9.0 right away, and that version of IE supports many more HTML5 features. In practice, the combination

of new browsers and improving emulation techniques means you can use many HTML5 features today

or in the very near future.

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2012-12-19

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