LORAWAN1.0.3_lorawan协议规范

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Page 1 of 72

The authors reserve the right to change

specifications without notice.

LoRaWAN™ 1.0.3 Specification

NOTICE OF USE AND DISCLOSURE

The information within this document is the property of the LoRa Alliance (“The Alliance”) and its use and disclosure are

subject to LoRa Alliance Corporate Bylaws, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Policy and Membership Agreements.

Elements of LoRa Alliance specifications may be subject to third party intellectual property rights, including without

limitation, patent, copyright or trademark rights (such a third party may or may not be a member of LoRa Alliance). The

Alliance is not responsible and shall not be held responsible in any manner for identifying or failing to identify any or all

such third party intellectual property rights.

This document and the information contained herein are provided on an “AS IS” basis and THE ALLIANCE DISCLAIMS

ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOTLIMITED TO (A) ANY WARRANTY THAT

THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREINWILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES

(INCLUDING WITHOUTLIMITATION ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INCLUDING PATENT,

FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,TITLE OR NONINFRINGEMENT.

IN NO EVENT WILL THE ALLIANCE BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF

USE OF DATA, INTERRUPTION OFBUSINESS, OR FOR ANY OTHER DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR

EXEMPLARY, INCIDENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, IN CONTRACT OR

IN TORT, IN CONNECTION WITH THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, EVEN IF

ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE.

The above notice and this paragraph must be included on all copies of this document that are made.

LoRa Alliance, Inc.

3855 SW 153rd Drive

Beaverton, OR 97007

Note: All Company, brand and product names may be trademarks that are the sole property of their respective owners.

LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Specification

Page 3 of 72

The authors reserve the right to change

specifications without notice.

Contents

1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 7

1.1 LoRaWAN Classes ....................................................................................................... 7

1.2 Conventions .................................................................................................................. 8

2 Introduction on LoRaWAN options ................................................................................... 9

2.1 LoRaWAN Classes ....................................................................................................... 9

2.2 Specification scope..................................................................................................... 10

Class A – All end-devices ........................................................................................................ 11

3 Physical Message Formats ............................................................................................ 12

3.1 Uplink Messages ........................................................................................................ 12

3.2 Downlink Messages.................................................................................................... 12

3.3 Receive Windows ....................................................................................................... 12

3.3.1 First receive window channel, data rate, and start .............................................. 13

3.3.2 Second receive window channel, data rate, and start ......................................... 13

3.3.3 Receive window duration ..................................................................................... 13

3.3.4 Receiver activity during the receive windows ...................................................... 13

3.3.5 Network sending a message to an end-device .................................................... 13

3.3.6 Important notice on receive windows ................................................................... 14

3.3.7 Receiving or transmitting other protocols ............................................................. 14

4 MAC Message Formats .................................................................................................. 15

4.1 MAC Layer (PHYPayload).......................................................................................... 15

4.2 MAC Header (MHDR field) ......................................................................................... 15

4.2.1 Message type (MType bit field) ............................................................................ 16

4.2.2 Major version of data message (Major bit field) ................................................... 16

4.3 MAC Payload of Data Messages (MACPayload) ...................................................... 16

4.3.1 Frame header (FHDR).......................................................................................... 17

4.3.2 Port field (FPort) ................................................................................................... 20

4.3.3 MAC Frame Payload Encryption (FRMPayload) ................................................. 20

4.4 Message Integrity Code (MIC) ................................................................................... 21

5 MAC Commands ............................................................................................................ 22

5.1 Link Check commands (LinkCheckReq, LinkCheckAns) .......................................... 23

5.2 Link ADR commands (LinkADRReq, LinkADRAns) .................................................. 24

5.3 End-Device Transmit Duty Cycle (DutyCycleReq, DutyCycleAns) ........................... 26

5.4 Receive Windows Parameters (RXParamSetupReq, RXParamSetupAns).............. 26

5.5 End-Device Status (DevStatusReq, DevStatusAns) ................................................. 27

5.6 Creation / Modification of a Channel (NewChannelReq, NewChannelAns,

100

DlChannelReq, DlChannelAns).................................................................................. 28

101

5.7 Setting delay between TX and RX (RXTimingSetupReq, RXTimingSetupAns) ....... 30

102

5.8 End-device transmission parameters (TxParamSetupReq, TxParamSetupAns) ..... 30

103

5.9 DeviceTime commands (DeviceTimeReq, DeviceTimeAns)..................................... 31

104

6 End-Device Activation .................................................................................................... 33

105

6.1 Data Stored in the End-device after Activation .......................................................... 33

106

6.1.1 End-device address (DevAddr) ............................................................................ 33

107

6.1.2 Application identifier (AppEUI) ............................................................................. 33

108

6.1.3 Network session key (NwkSKey) ......................................................................... 33

109

6.1.4 Application session key (AppSKey) ..................................................................... 33

110

6.2 Over-the-Air Activation ............................................................................................... 34

111

6.2.1 End-device identifier (DevEUI) ............................................................................. 34

112

6.2.2 Application key (AppKey) ..................................................................................... 34

113

6.2.3 Join procedure ...................................................................................................... 34

114

6.2.4 Join-request message .......................................................................................... 34

115

6.2.5 Join-accept message............................................................................................ 35

116

LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Specification

Page 4 of 72

The authors reserve the right to change

specifications without notice.

6.3 Activation by Personalization ..................................................................................... 37

117

7 Retransmissions back-off ............................................................................................... 38

118

Class B – Beacon .................................................................................................................... 39

119

8 Introduction to Class B ................................................................................................... 40

120

9 Principle of synchronous network initiated downlink (Class-B option) .......................... 41

121

10 Uplink frame in Class B mode ........................................................................................ 43

122

11 Downlink Ping frame format (Class B option) ................................................................ 44

123

11.1 Physical frame format ................................................................................................. 44

124

11.2 Unicast & Multicast MAC messages .......................................................................... 44

125

11.2.1 Unicast MAC message format.............................................................................. 44

126

11.2.2 Multicast MAC message format ........................................................................... 44

127

12 Beacon acquisition and tracking .................................................................................... 45

128

12.1 Minimal beacon-less operation time .......................................................................... 45

129

12.2 Extension of beacon-less operation upon reception.................................................. 45

130

12.3 Minimizing timing drift ................................................................................................. 45

131

13 Class B Downlink slot timing .......................................................................................... 47

132

13.1 Definitions ................................................................................................................... 47

133

13.2 Slot randomization ...................................................................................................... 48

134

14 Class B MAC commands ............................................................................................... 49

135

14.1 PingSlotInfoReq .......................................................................................................... 49

136

14.2 BeaconFreqReq ......................................................................................................... 50

137

14.3 PingSlotChannelReq .................................................................................................. 51

138

14.4 BeaconTimingReq & BeaconTimingAns .................................................................... 52

139

15 Beaconing (Class B option) ............................................................................................ 53

140

15.1 Beacon physical layer ................................................................................................ 53

141

15.2 Beacon frame content ................................................................................................ 53

142

15.3 Beacon GwSpecific field format ................................................................................. 54

143

15.3.1 Gateway GPS coordinate:InfoDesc = 0, 1 or 2 .................................................... 55

144

15.3.2 NetID+GatewayID................................................................................................. 55

145

15.4 Beaconing precise timing ........................................................................................... 55

146

15.5 Network downlink route update requirements ........................................................... 56

147

16 Class B unicast & multicast downlink channel frequencies ........................................... 57

148

16.1 Single channel beacon transmission ......................................................................... 57

149

16.2 Frequency-hopping beacon transmission .................................................................. 57

150

Class C – Continuously listening ............................................................................................. 58

151

17 Class C: Continuously listening end-device ................................................................... 59

152

17.1 Second receive window duration for Class C ............................................................ 59

153

17.2 Class C Multicast downlinks ....................................................................................... 60

154

Support information.................................................................................................................. 61

155

18 Examples and Application Information........................................................................... 62

156

18.1 Uplink Timing Diagram for Confirmed Data Messages ............................................. 62

157

18.2 Downlink Diagram for Confirmed Data Messages ..................................................... 62

158

18.3 Downlink Timing for Frame-Pending Messages ........................................................ 63

159

18.4 Data-Rate Adaptation during Message Retransmissions .......................................... 64

160

19 Recommendation on contract to be provided to the network server by the end-

161

device provider at the time of provisioning .............................................................................. 66

162

20 Recommendation on finding the locally used channels ................................................ 67

163

21 Revisions ........................................................................................................................ 68

164

21.1 Revision 1.0 ................................................................................................................ 68

165

21.2 Revision 1.0.1 ............................................................................................................. 68

166

21.3 Revision 1.0.2 ............................................................................................................. 68

167

21.4 Revision 1.0.3 ............................................................................................................. 69

168

22 Glossary .......................................................................................................................... 70

169

LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Specification

Page 5 of 72

The authors reserve the right to change

specifications without notice.

23 Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 71

170

23.1 References ................................................................................................................. 71

171

24 NOTICE OF USE AND DISCLOSURE .......................................................................... 72

172

173

Tables

174

Table 1: PHY payload format .................................................................................................. 15

175

Table 2: MAC message types ................................................................................................. 16

176

Table 3: Major list ..................................................................................................................... 16

177

Table 4: FPort list ..................................................................................................................... 21

178

Table 5: MAC commands ........................................................................................................ 23

179

Table 6: Channel state table .................................................................................................... 24

180

Table 7: LinkADRAns status bits signification ......................................................................... 26

181

Table 8: RX2SetupAns status bits signification....................................................................... 27

182

Table 9: Battery level decoding ............................................................................................... 27

183

Table 10: NewChannelAns status bits signification ................................................................ 29

184

Table 11: DlChannelAns status bits signification .................................................................... 30

185

Table 12: Del mapping table .................................................................................................... 30

186

Table 13: Beacon timing .......................................................................................................... 47

187

Table 14 : Class B slot randomization algorithm parameters ................................................. 48

188

Table 15 : Class B MAC command table ................................................................................ 49

189

Table 16 : beacon infoDesc index mapping ............................................................................ 54

190

191

Figures

192

Figure 1: LoRaWAN Classes ..................................................................................................... 9

193

Figure 2: Uplink PHY structure ................................................................................................ 12

194

Figure 3: Downlink PHY structure ........................................................................................... 12

195

Figure 4: End-device receive slot timing. ................................................................................ 13

196

Figure 5: Radio PHY structure (CRC* is only available on uplink messages) ....................... 15

197

Figure 6: PHY payload structure ............................................................................................. 15

198

Figure 7: MAC payload structure ............................................................................................. 15

199

Figure 8: Frame header structure ............................................................................................ 15

200

Figure 9: LoRa message format elements .............................................................................. 15

201

Figure 11 : DeviceTimeAns payload format ............................................................................ 32

202

Figure 12: Beacon reception slot and ping slots ..................................................................... 42

203

Figure 13 : class B FCtrl fields ................................................................................................. 43

204

Figure 14 : beacon-less temporary operation ......................................................................... 45

205

Figure 15: Beacon timing ......................................................................................................... 47

206

Figure 16 : PingSlotInfoReq payload format ........................................................................... 49

207

Figure 17 : BeaconFreqReq payload format ........................................................................... 50

208

Figure 18 : BeaconFreqAns payload format ........................................................................... 50

209

Figure 19 : PingSlotChannelReq payload format .................................................................... 51

210

Figure 20 : PingSlotFreqAns payload format .......................................................................... 51

211

Figure 21 : beacon physical format ......................................................................................... 53

212

Figure 22 : beacon frame content............................................................................................ 53

213

Figure 23 : example of beacon CRC calculation (1) ............................................................... 53

214

Figure 24 : example of beacon CRC calculation (2) ............................................................... 54

215

Figure 25 : beacon GwSpecific field format ............................................................................ 54

216

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