AgentBasedModelGuide_基于Python语言的多agent模型的MESA库学习 - CSDN文库

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1 Printed at 3:09:53 PM, 6/27/2005

June 27, 2005

APPENDIX

A GUIDE FOR NEWCOMERS TO AGENT-BASED MODELING

IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

∗

ROBERT AXELROD

Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan

LEIGH TESFATSION

Department of Economics, Iowa State University

Contents

Abstract

Keywords

1. Purpose of the guide

2. Agent-based modeling and the social sciences

3. Selection criteria

4. Suggested readings

A. Complexity and ABM

B. Emergence of collective behavior

C. Evolution

D. Learning

E. Norms

F. Markets

G. Institutional design

H. Networks

I. Modeling techniques

5. What to do next

∗

To appear in the Handbook of Computational Economics, Vol. 2: Agent-Based Computational

Economics, edited by Leigh Tesfatsion and Kenneth L. Judd, Handbooks in Economics Series,

North-Holland, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, to appear. The authors thank Stephanie Forrest,

Ross Hammond, Ken Judd, Tom Lairson, Irene Lee, Bob Marks, John Miller, Scott Page, and

Rick Riolo for helpful Advice. The first author thanks the NSF (Grant 0240852) and the LS&A

Enrichment Fund of the University of Michigan for Financial Support.

3 Printed at 3:09:53 PM, 6/27/2005

1. Purpose of the guide

The purpose of this guide is to suggest a short list of introductory readings to help

newcomers become acquainted with agent-based modeling (ABM). Our primary

intended audience is graduate students and advanced undergraduate students in the social

sciences. Teachers of ABM might also find this guide of use.

Unlike established methodologies such as statistics and mathematics, ABM has not yet

developed a widely shared understanding of what a newcomer should learn. For

decades, concepts such as the level of significance in statistics and the derivative in

mathematics have been common knowledge that newcomers could be expected to learn.

We hope that our selected readings will promote a shared understanding of ABM in the

social sciences, not only among newcomers to ABM but also among researchers who

already use ABM.

As a clarifying note on terminology, although this guide is directed specifically to social

scientists, researchers in a wide range of disciplines are now using ABM to study

complex systems. When specialized to computational economic modeling, ABM reduces

to Agent-based Computational Economics (ACE).

For the convenience of readers, a parallel on-line guide for newcomers to ABM is

available at http://www.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/abmread.htm that includes links to our

suggested readings, as well as demonstration software, as availability permits.

2. Agent-based modeling and the social sciences

1

The social sciences seek to understand not only how individuals behave but also how the

interaction of many individuals leads to large-scale outcomes. Understanding a political

or economic system requires more than an understanding of the individuals that comprise

the system. It also requires understanding how the individuals interact with each other,

and how the results can be more than the sum of the parts.

ABM is well suited for this social science objective. It is a method for studying systems

exhibiting the following two properties: (1) the system is composed of interacting agents;

and (2) the system exhibits emergent properties, that is, properties arising from the

interactions of the agents that cannot be deduced simply by aggregating the properties of

the agents. When the interaction of the agents is contingent on past experience, and

especially when the agents continually adapt to that experience, mathematical analysis is

typically very limited in its ability to derive the dynamic consequences. In this case,

ABM might be the only practical method of analysis.

1

For more detailed discussions of many of the points raised in this section, see Robert Axelrod,

Complexity of Cooperation (1997, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ), especially pp. 206-

221, and Leigh Tesfatsion, “Agent-Based Computational Economics: A Constructive Approach to

Economic Theory,” in this Handbook

.

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