美版《Design Of Machinery》Robert Norton 2nd Edition - 机械原理深度解析

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"Design Of Machinery - Robert Norton 2Nd Edition美版机械原理" 本书《Design Of Machinery》是Robert Norton教授的第二版，属于机械工程领域的经典著作，尤其在机械原理方面有着深入的阐述。该书旨在介绍机械的设计、综合分析以及机构和机器的工作原理。作为McGraw-Hill机械工程系列的一部分，这本书由一系列知名的机械工程专家担任顾问编辑，确保了内容的专业性和权威性。书中涵盖了许多关键主题，包括但不限于： 1. 机构合成与分析：讲解如何设计和分析机械中的不同机构，如连杆机构、齿轮机构、凸轮机构等，这些是机械系统中的基本构建模块。 2. 机械动力学：探讨机械运动的动态特性，如速度、加速度和力的分析，以及如何通过动力学原则来优化设计。 3. 流体动力学基础：介绍了与机械相关的流体力学概念，如液体润滑理论，对理解和提高机械效率至关重要。 4. 内燃机基础：讨论内燃机的工作原理，包括燃烧过程、能量转换和性能指标，这是汽车和许多其他机械设备的核心。 5. 控制系统工程：涉及线性控制系统的设计和分析，为理解和实现自动化机械提供了理论基础。 6. 材料力学：讲解复合材料的力学行为，这对于现代工程中使用的轻质、高强度材料的理解至关重要。 7. 实验方法：介绍工程实验的规划、执行和报告，强调实践操作在机械工程中的重要性。 8. 传热和质量扩散：探讨热传导和物质扩散现象，这些在设计涉及热量交换的机械组件时必不可少。 9. 噪声与振动分析：讨论如何评估和控制机械系统的噪声和振动，以提高设备的稳定性和用户舒适度。 10. 机械元件设计基础：讲解如何设计和选择机械系统中的各种标准部件，如轴承、弹簧、密封等，以满足功能和寿命要求。通过本书的学习，读者不仅可以掌握机械设计的基本原理，还能了解到机械工程的历史背景、最新发展以及实际应用。对于希望深入理解机械系统工作原理和设计过程的学生和工程师来说，这是一本不可或缺的参考书。

PREFACE

to the First Edition

When I hear, Iforget

When I see, I remember

When I do, I understand

ANCIENT CHINESE PROVERB

This text is intended for the kinematics and dynamics of machinery topics which are of-

ten given as a single course, or two-course sequence, in the junior year of most mechan-

ical engineering programs. The usual prerequisites are first courses in statics, dynamics

and calculus. Usually, the first semester, or portion, is devoted to kinematics, and the sec-

ond to dynamics of machinery. These courses are ideal vehicles for introducing the me-

chanical engineering student to the process of design, since mechanisms tend to be intu-

itive for the typical mechanical engineering student to visualize and create. While this

text attempts to be thorough and complete on the topics of analysis, it also emphasizes

the synthesis and design aspects of the subject to a greater degree than most texts in print

on these subjects. Also, it emphasizes the use of computer-aided engineering as an ap-

proach to the design and analysis of this class of problems by providing software that can

enhance student understanding. While the mathematical level of this text is aimed at sec-

ond- or third-year university students, it is presented de novo and should be understand-

able to the technical school student as well.

Part I of this text is suitable for a one-semester or one-term course in kinematics.

Part II is suitable for a one-semester or one-term course in dynamics of machinery. Alter-

natively, both topic areas can be covered in one semester with less emphasis on some of

the topics covered in the text.

The writing and style of presentation in the text is designed to be clear, informal, and

easy to read. Many example problems and solution techniques are presented and spelled

out in detail, both verbally and graphically. All the illustrations are done with computer-

drawing or drafting programs. Some scanned photographic images are also included.

The entire text, including equations and artwork, is printed directly from computer disk

by laser typesetting for maximum clarity and quality. Many suggested readings are pro-

vided in the bibliography. Short problems, and where appropriate, many longer, unstruc-

tured design project assignments are provided at the ends of chapters. These projects

provide an opportunity for the students to do and understand.

The author's approach to these courses and this text is based on over 35 years'

experience in mechanical engineering design, both in industry and as a consultant.

He has taught these subjects since 1967, both in evening school to practicing engi-

neers and in day school to younger students. His approach to the course has evolved

a great deal in that time, from a traditional approach, emphasizing graphical analysis of

many structured problems, through emphasis on algebraic methods as computers be-

came available, through requiring students to write their own computer programs, to

the current state described above.

The one constant throughout has been the attempt to convey the art of the design pro-

cess to the students in order to prepare them to cope with

real

engineering problems in

practice. Thus, the author has always promoted design within these courses. Only re-

cently, however, has technology provided a means to more effectively accomplish this

goal, in the form of the graphics microcomputer. This text attempts to be an improve-

ment over those currently available by providing up-to-date methods and techniques for

analysis and synthesis which take full advantage of the graphics microcomputer, and by

emphasizing design as well as analysis.

The text also provides a more complete, mod-

em, and thorough treatment of cam design than existing texts in print on the subject.

The author has written several interactive, student-friendly computer programs for

the design and analysis of mechanisms and machines. These programs are designed to

enhance the student's understanding of the basic concepts in these courses while simul-

taneously allowing more comprehensive and realistic problem and project assignments

to be done in the limited time available, than could ever be done with manual solution

techniques, whether graphical or algebraic. Unstructured, realistic design problems which

have many valid solutions are assigned. Synthesis and analysis are equally emphasized.

The analysis methods presented are up to date, using vector equations and matrix tech-

niques wherever applicable. Manual graphical analysis methods are de-emphasized. The

graphics output from the computer programs allows the student to see the results of vari-

ation of parameters rapidly and accurately and reinforces learning.

These computer programs are distributed, on CD-ROM, with this book which also

contains instructions for their use on any IBM compatible, Windows 3.1 or Windows 95/

NT capable computer. The earlier DOS versions of these programs are also included for

those without access to Windows. Programs SLIDER,FOURBAR,FIVEBARand SIXBARan-

alyze the kinematics of those types of linkages. Program FOURBARalso does a complete

dynamic analysis of the fourbar linkage in addition to its kinematics. Program DYNACAM

allows the design and dynamic analysis of cam-follower systems. Program ENGINEan-

alyzes the slider-crank linkage as used in the internal combustion engine and provides a

complete dynamic analysis of single and multicylinder engine configurations, allowing

the mechanical dynamic design of engines to be done. Program MATRIXis a general pur-

pose linear equation system solver. All these programs, except MATRIX,provide dynam-

ic, graphical animation of the designed devices. The reader is strongly urged to make use

of these programs in order to investigate the results of variation of parameters in these ki-

nematic devices. The programs are designed to enhance and augment the text rather than

be a substitute for it. The converse is also true. Many solutions to the book's examples

and to the problem sets are provided on the CD-ROM as files to be read into these pro-

grams. Many of these solutions can be animated on the computer screen for a better dem-

onstration of the concept than is possible on the printed page. The instructor and students

are both encouraged to take advantage of the computer programs provided. Instructions

for their use are in Appendix A.

The author's intention is that synthesis topics be introduced first to allow the

students to work on some simple design tasks early in the term while still mastering

the analysis topics. Though this is not the "traditional" approach to the teaching of

this material, the author believes that it is a superior method to that of initial concen-

tration on detailed analysis of mechanisms for which the student has no concept of or-

igin or purpose. Chapters 1 and 2 are introductory. Those instructors wishing to

teach analysis before synthesis can leave Chapters 3 and 5 on linkage synthesis for

later consumption. Chapters 4, 6, and 7 on position, velocity, and acceleration anal-

ysis are sequential and build upon each other. In fact, some of the problem sets are com-

mon among these three chapters so that students can use their position solutions to find

velocities and then later use both to find the accelerations in the same linkages.

Chapter 8 on cams is more extensive and complete than that of other kinematics texts

and takes a design approach. Chapter 9 on gear trains is introductory. The dynamic force

treatment in Part II uses matrix methods for the solution of the system simultaneous

equations. Graphical force analysis is not emphasized. Chapter 10 presents an intro-

duction to dynamic systems modelling. Chapter

deals with force analysis oflinkag-

es. Balancing of rotating machinery and linkages is covered in Chapter 12. Chapters 13

and 14 use the internal combustion engine as an example to pull together many dynamic

concepts in a design context. Chapter 15 presents an introduction to dynamic systems

modelling and uses the cam-follower system as the example. Chapters 3, 8, 11, 13,

and 14 provide open ended project problems as well as structured problem sets. The

assignment and execution of unstructured project problems can greatly enhance the

student's understanding of the concepts as described by the proverb in the epigraph

to this preface.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The sources of photographs and other nonoriginal art

used in the text are acknowledged in the captions and opposite the title page, but the

author would also like to express his thanks for the cooperation of all those individ-

uals and companies who generously made these items available. The author would

also like to thank those who have reviewed various sections of the first edition of the

text and who made many useful suggestions for improvement. Mr. John Titus of the

University of Minnesota reviewed Chapter 5 on analytical synthesis and Mr. Dennis

Klipp of Klipp Engineering, Waterville, Maine, reviewed Chapter 8 on cam design.

Professor William J. Crochetiere and Mr. Homer Eckhardt of Tufts University, Med-

ford, Mass., reviewed Chapter 15. Mr. Eckhardt and Professor Crochetiere of Tufts,

and Professor Charles Warren of the University of Alabama taught from and re-

viewed Part I. Professor Holly K. Ault of Worcester Polytechnic Institute thorough-

ly reviewed the entire text while teaching from the pre-publication, class-test ver-

sions of the complete book. Professor Michael Keefe of the University of Delaware

provided many helpful comments. Sincere thanks also go to the large number of un-

dergraduate students and graduate teaching assistants who caught many typos and errors

in the text and in the programs while using the pre-publication versions. Since the book's

first printing, Profs. D. Cronin, K. Gupta, P.Jensen, and Mr. R. Jantz have written to point

out errors or make suggestions which I have incorporated and for which I thank them.

The author takes full responsibility for any errors that may remain and invites from all

readers their criticisms, suggestions for improvement, and identification of errors in the

text or programs, so that both can be improved in future versions.

'R.P6ertL. :lI{prton

:Mattapoisett/ :Mass.

5lugust/ 1991

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