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Version 2.09

Page 1 of 228

DW1000 USER MANUAL

HOW TO USE, CONFIGURE AND

PROGRAM THE DW1000 UWB

TRANSCEIVER

This document is subject to change without notice

DW1000 USER MANUAL

DW1000 User Manual

Version 2.09

Page 2 of 228

Table of Contents

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................ 3

LIST OF TABLES .......................................................... 4

1 INTRODUCTION ................................................. 7

1.1 ABOUT THE DW1000 ...................................... 7

1.2 ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT .................................... 7

2 OVERVIEW OF THE DW1000 ............................. 10

2.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................. 10

2.2 INTERFACING TO THE DW1000 ........................ 10

2.3 DW1000 OPERATIONAL STATES ...................... 14

2.4 POWER ON RESET (POR) ................................ 18

2.5 DEFAULT CONFIGURATION ON POWER UP .......... 20

3 MESSAGE TRANSMISSION ................................ 25

3.1 BASIC TRANSMISSION ...................................... 25

3.2 TRANSMISSION TIMESTAMP .............................. 26

3.3 DELAYED TRANSMISSION ................................. 26

3.4 EXTENDED LENGTH DATA FRAMES ..................... 27

3.5 HIGH SPEED TRANSMISSION ............................. 29

4 MESSAGE RECEPTION ....................................... 32

4.1 BASIC RECEPTION ........................................... 32

4.2 DELAYED RECEIVE ........................................... 35

4.3 DOUBLE RECEIVE BUFFER................................. 35

4.4 LOW-POWER LISTENING .................................. 39

4.5 LOW-POWER SNIFF MODE .............................. 41

4.6 DIAGNOSTICS ................................................ 44

4.7 ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF RECEPTION AND THE RX

TIMESTAMP ................................................................ 44

5 MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL (MAC) HARDWARE

FEATURES ................................................................. 48

5.1 CYCLIC REDUNDANCY CHECK ............................. 48

5.2 FRAME FILTERING ........................................... 48

5.3 AUTOMATIC ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................... 50

5.4 TRANSMIT AND AUTOMATICALLY WAIT FOR RESPONSE

6 OTHER FEATURES OF THE DW1000 ................... 54

6.1 EXTERNAL SYNCHRONISATION ........................... 54

6.2 EXTERNAL POWER AMPLIFICATION .................... 57

6.3 USING THE ON-CHIP OTP MEMORY ................... 57

6.4 MEASURING IC TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE ...... 61

7 THE DW1000 REGISTER SET .............................. 62

7.1 REGISTER MAP OVERVIEW ................................ 62

7.2 DETAILED REGISTER DESCRIPTION ...................... 64

8 DW1000 CALIBRATION ................................... 189

8.1 IC CALIBRATION – CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR TRIM ... 189

8.2 IC CALIBRATION – TRANSMIT POWER AND SPECTRUM

191

8.3 IC CALIBRATION – ANTENNA DELAY ................. 194

9 OPERATIONAL DESIGN CHOICES WHEN

EMPLOYING THE DW1000....................................... 197

9.1 OPERATING RANGE ....................................... 197

9.2 CHANNEL AND BANDWIDTH SELECTION ............. 197

9.3 CHOICE OF DATA RATE, PREAMBLE LENGTH AND PRF

197

9.4 POWER CONSUMPTION .................................. 198

9.5 NODE DENSITY AND AIR UTILISATION ................ 198

9.6 LOW–DUTY CYCLE – AIR TIME .......................... 199

9.7 LOCATION SCHEMES ...................................... 200

9.8 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS............................. 201

10 APPENDIX 1: THE IEEE 802.15.4 UWB PHYSICAL

LAYER ..................................................................... 203

10.1 FRAME STRUCTURE OVERVIEW ........................ 203

10.2 DATA MODULATION SCHEME .......................... 203

10.3 SYNCHRONISATION HEADER MODULATION SCHEME

204

10.4 PHY HEADER ............................................... 205

10.5 UWB CHANNELS AND PREAMBLE CODES ........... 206

10.6 ADDITIONAL DETAILS ON THE STANDARD ........... 207

11 APPENDIX 2: THE IEEE 802.15.4 MAC LAYER ... 208

11.1 GENERAL MAC MESSAGE FORMAT .................. 208

11.2 THE FRAME CONTROL FIELD IN THE MAC HEADER 209

11.3 THE SEQUENCE NUMBER FIELD ....................... 211

11.4 MAC LEVEL PROCESSING IN THE DW1000........ 212

12 APPENDIX 3: TWO-WAY RANGING ................. 213

12.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................ 213

12.2 SINGLE-SIDED TWO-WAY RANGING .................. 213

12.3 DOUBLE-SIDED TWO-WAY RANGING ................ 215

13 APPENDIX 4: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

220

14 APPENDIX 5: REFERENCES .............................. 224

15 DOCUMENT HISTORY ..................................... 224

16 CHANGE LOG .................................................. 224

17 ABOUT DECAWAVE ........................................ 228

DW1000 User Manual

Version 2.09

Page 3 of 228

List of Figures

FIGURE 1: SPI READ AND WRITE TRANSACTIONS ................... 11

FIGURE 2: SINGLE OCTET HEADER OF THE NON-INDEXED SPI

TRANSACTION ......................................................... 12

FIGURE 3: EXAMPLE NON-INDEXED READ OF THE DEVICE ID

FIGURE 4: TWO OCTET HEADER OF THE SHORT INDEXED SPI

TRANSACTION ......................................................... 12

FIGURE 5: EXAMPLE SHORT-INDEXED READ OF 3

AND 4

OCTETS

OF REGISTER 0X00 .................................................. 13

FIGURE 6: THREE OCTET HEADER OF THE LONG INDEXED SPI

TRANSACTION ......................................................... 13

FIGURE 7: EXAMPLE LONG-INDEXED WRITE OF ONE OCTET TO

INDEX 310 OF THE TX BUFFER ................................... 13

FIGURE 8: DW1000 STATE DIAGRAM ................................ 15

FIGURE 9: TIMING DIAGRAM AND POWER PROFILE FOR COLD

START POR ............................................................ 18

FIGURE 10: TRANSMIT FRAME FORMAT ............................... 25

FIGURE 11: BASIC TRANSMIT SEQUENCE ............................. 25

FIGURE 12 : PHR ENCODING EXTENDED LENGTH DATA FRAMES

........................................................................... 28

FIGURE 13: BASIC RECEIVE SEQUENCE .................................. 32

FIGURE 14: FLOW CHART FOR USING DOUBLE RX BUFFERING ... 38

FIGURE 15 : TRXOFF IN DOUBLE-BUFFERED MODE ............. 39

FIGURE 16: LOW POWER LISTENING WITH TWO SLEEP TIMES ... 40

FIGURE 17: POWER PROFILE FOR LOW POWER LISTENING MODE

WHERE NO FRAME IS RECEIVED ................................... 41

FIGURE 18: STATE TRANSITIONS DURING SNIFF MODE ........... 42

FIGURE 19: POWER PROFILE FOR SNIFF WHERE A FRAME IS NOT

RECEIVED ............................................................... 43

FIGURE 20: POWER PROFILE FOR SNIFF WHERE A FRAME IS

RECEIVED ............................................................... 43

FIGURE 21: POWER PROFILE FOR LOW DUTY-CYCLE SNIFF WHERE

A FRAME IS NOT RECEIVED ......................................... 44

FIGURE 22: ESTIMATED RX LEVEL VERSUS ACTUAL RX LEVEL .... 47

FIGURE 23: DW1000 EXTERNAL SYNCHRONISATION INTERFACE

............................................................................ 54

FIGURE 24: SYNCHRONISED TRANSMISSION .......................... 56

FIGURE 25: OSRS MODE RECEIVE TIMEBASE SYNCHRONISATION

............................................................................ 56

FIGURE 26: TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL OCTET .................. 106

FIGURE 27: COMBINING EDG1 AND EDV2 TO GIVE AN ED NOISE

FIGURE ................................................................ 120

FIGURE 28: FLOW CHART FOR DIRECT READ OF AON ADDRESS 158

FIGURE 29: PPM VS CRYSTAL TRIM SETTING, V

BATT

= 3.3 V . 191

FIGURE 30: TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE ANTENNA DELAY ......... 195

FIGURE 31: UWB PHY FRAME STRUCTURE ....................... 203

FIGURE 32:- BPM/BPSK DATA AND PHR MODULATION ...... 203

FIGURE 33: PHR BIT ASSIGNMENT .................................... 206

FIGURE 34: GENERAL MAC MESSAGE FORMAT ................... 208

FIGURE 35: MAC MESSAGE FRAME CONTROL FIELD .............. 209

FIGURE 36: SINGLE-SIDED TWO-WAY RANGING ................... 213

FIGURE 37: DOUBLE-SIDED TWO-WAY RANGING WITH FOUR

MESSAGES ............................................................ 215

FIGURE 38: DOUBLE-SIDED TWO-WAY RANGING WITH THREE

MESSAGES ............................................................ 215

FIGURE 39: RANGING TO 3 ANCHORS WITH JUST 5 MESSAGES

WHERE EACH ANCHOR CALCULATES ITS OWN RANGE RESULT

.......................................................................... 218

DW1000 User Manual

Version 2.09

Page 4 of 228

List of Tables

TABLE 1: MAIN DW1000 OPERATIONAL STATES / MODES ...... 16

TABLE 2: MODE 2 EXCERPT FROM DW1000 DATA SHEET

OPERATIONAL MODES TABLE .................................... 20

TABLE 3: GPIO DEFAULT FUNCTIONS .................................. 21

TABLE 4: REGISTER ACCESSES REQUIRED TO LOAD LDE MICROCODE

........................................................................... 24

TABLE 5: PREAMBLE DURATION FIELD VALUES IN EXTENDED

LENGTH DATA FRAME PHR ...................................... 28

TABLE 6: RECOMMENDED PAC SIZE .................................... 32

TABLE 7: REGISTERS IN THE RX DOUBLE-BUFFERED SWINGING-SET

........................................................................... 36

TABLE 8: AUTO-ACK PREAMBLE LENGTH DEPENDING ON RXPSR

AND RXPACC ........................................................ 51

TABLE 9: AUTO-ACK PREAMBLE LENGTH SELECTION IN EXTENDED

LENGTH FRAMES MODE ............................................ 51

TABLE 10: OTP MEMORY MAP ........................................... 58

TABLE 11: OTP_SRDAT REGISTER .................................... 59

TABLE 12: REGISTER ACCESSES REQUIRED TO PROGRAM THE OTP

........................................................................... 59

TABLE 13: AN EXAMPLE OF REGISTER ACCESSES REQUIRED TO

READ FROM OTP .................................................... 60

TABLE 14: AN EXAMPLE OF REGISTER ACCESSES TO PERFORM A

READ OF THE TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE SENSORS ...... 61

TABLE 15: REGISTER MAP OVERVIEW ................................... 62

TABLE 16: PREAMBLE LENGTH SELECTION ............................. 75

TABLE 17: PREAMBLE LENGTH REPORTING ............................ 93

TABLE 18: RXPACC ADJUSTMENTS BY SFD CODE................. 96

TABLE 19: REFERENCE VALUES FOR REGISTER FILE: 0X1E –

TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL, FOR SMART TRANSMIT

POWER CONTROL ................................................. 110

TABLE 20: REFERENCE VALUES REGISTER FILE: 0X1E – TRANSMIT

POWER CONTROL FOR MANUAL TRANSMIT POWER

CONTROL (SMART TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL DISABLED)

......................................................................... 110

TABLE 21: RECOMMENDED SFD SEQUENCE CONFIGURATIONS FOR

BEST PERFORMANCE .............................................. 115

TABLE 22: REGISTER FILE: 0X23 –AGC CONFIGURATION AND

CONTROL OVERVIEW .............................................. 116

TABLE 23: SUB-REGISTER 0X23:04 – AGC_TUNE1 VALUES 118

TABLE 24: SUB-REGISTER 0X23:0C – AGC_TUNE2 VALUES 118

TABLE 25: SUB-REGISTER 0X23:12 – AGC_TUNE3 VALUES 119

TABLE 26: SCALING FACTOR FOR CHANNEL NOISE ENERGY

ESTIMATION ......................................................... 120

TABLE 27: REGISTER FILE: 0X26 – GPIO CONTROL AND STATUS

OVERVIEW ........................................................... 124

TABLE 28: REGISTER FILE: 0X27 – DIGITAL RECEIVER

CONFIGURATION OVERVIEW ..................................... 136

TABLE 29: SUB-REGISTER 0X27:02 – DRX_TUNE0B VALUES137

TABLE 30: SUB-REGISTER 0X27:04 – DRX_TUNE1AVALUES 138

TABLE 31: SUB-REGISTER 0X27:06 – DRX_TUNE1B VALUES138

TABLE 32: SUB-REGISTER 0X27:08 – DRX_TUNE2VALUES . 139

TABLE 33: REGISTER 0X27:26 DRX_TUNE4H VALUES ........ 141

TABLE 34: REGISTER FILE: 0X28 – ANALOG RF CONFIGURATION

BLOCK OVERVIEW .................................................. 142

TABLE 35: SUB-REGISTER 0X28:0B– RF_RXCTRLH VALUES 144

TABLE 36: SUB-REGISTER 0X28:0C– RF_TXCTRL VALUES ... 144

TABLE 37: REGISTER FILE: 0X2A – TRANSMITTER CALIBRATION

BLOCK OVERVIEW .................................................. 147

TABLE 38: SUB-REGISTER 0X2A:0B – TC_PGDELAY

RECOMMENDED VALUES ......................................... 150

TABLE 39: .................................................................... 150

TABLE 40: REGISTER FILE: 0X2B – FREQUENCY SYNTHESISER

CONTROL BLOCK OVERVIEW ..................................... 151

TABLE 41: SUB-REGISTER 0X2B:07 – FS_PLLCFG VALUES ... 151

TABLE 42: SUB-REGISTER 0X2B:0B – FS_PLLTUNE VALUES 152

TABLE 43: REGISTER FILE: 0X2C – ALWAYS-ON SYSTEM CONTROL

OVERVIEW............................................................ 154

TABLE 44: CONFIGURATIONS MAINTAINED IN THE AON MEMORY

ARRAY................................................................. 157

TABLE 45: REGISTER FILE: 0X2D – OTP MEMORY INTERFACE

OVERVIEW............................................................ 162

TABLE 46: RECEIVER OPERATING PARAMETER SETS ............... 167

TABLE 47: REGISTER FILE: 0X2E – LEADING EDGE DETECTION

INTERFACE OVERVIEW ............................................ 168

TABLE 48: SUB-REGISTER 0X2E:1806– LDE_CFG2VALUES . 170

TABLE 49: SUB-REGISTER 0X2E:2804 – LDE_REPC

CONFIGURATIONS FOR (850 KBPS & 6.8 MBPS).......... 171

TABLE 50: REGISTER FILE: 0X2F – DIGITAL DIAGNOSTICS

INTERFACE OVERVIEW ............................................ 172

TABLE 51: REGISTER FILE: 0X36 – POWER MANAGEMENT AND

SYSTEM CONTROL OVERVIEW .................................. 181

TABLE 52: REGISTER ACCESSES REQUIRED FOR TRANSMITTER

CONFIGURATION PROCEDURE ................................... 192

TABLE 53: RECOMMENDED RX POWER LEVEL FOR ANTENNA

CALIBRATION ........................................................ 195

TABLE 54: RECOMMENDED TX-RX SEPARATION FOR ANTENNA

CALIBRATION ........................................................ 195

TABLE 55: RECOMMENDED PREAMBLE LENGTHS .................. 198

TABLE 56: TRANSMISSIONS PER SECOND USING ALOHA ....... 199

TABLE 57: TECHNIQUES TO SAVE POWER IN RECEIVING .......... 201

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