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首页The Linux Command Line 原版pdf by Shotts
I want to tell you a story. No, not the story of how, in 1991, Linus Torvalds wrote the first version of the Linux kernel. You can read that story in lots of Linux books. Nor am I going to tell you the story of how, some years earlier, Richard Stallman began the GNU Project to create a free Unix-like operating system. That’s an important story too, but most other Linux books have that one, as well. No, I want to tell you the story of how you can take back control of your computer.
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You’ve experienced the shiny, point-and-click surface
of your Linux computer—now dive below and explore
its depths with the power of the command line.
The Linux Command Line takes you from your very first
terminal keystrokes to writing full programs in Bash, the
most popular Linux shell. Along the way you’ll learn
the timeless skills handed down by generations of
gray-bearded, mouse-shunning gurus: file navigation,
environment configuration, command chaining, pattern
matching with regular expressions, and more.
In addition to that practical knowledge, author William
Shotts reveals the philosophy behind these tools and
the rich heritage that your desktop Linux machine has
inherited from Unix supercomputers of yore.
As you make your way through the book’s short, easily
digestible chapters, you’ll learn how to:
• Create and delete files, directories, and symlinks
• Administer your system, including networking,
package installation, and process management
BANISH YOUR
MOUSE
BANISH YOUR
MOUSE
• Use standard input and output, redirection, and
pipelines
• Edit files with Vi, the world’s most popular text editor
• Write shell scripts to automate common or boring tasks
• Slice and dice text files with cut, paste, grep, patch,
and sed
Once you overcome your initial “shell shock,” you’ll
find that the command line is a natural and expressive
way to communicate with your computer. Just don’t be
surprised if your mouse starts to gather dust.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
William E. Shotts, Jr., has been a software professional
and avid Linux user for more than 15 years. He has an
extensive background in software development, including
technical support, quality assurance, and documentation.
He is also the creator of LinuxCommand.org, a Linux
education and advocacy site featuring news, reviews,
and extensive support for using the Linux command line.
SHELVE IN:
COMPUTERS/LINUX
$49.95 ($52.95 CDN)
www.nostarch.com
THE FINEST IN GEEK ENTERTAINMENT
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This book uses RepKover— a durable binding that won’t snap shut.
A COMPLETE INTRODUCTION
THE LINUX
COMMAND LINE
THE LINUX
COMMAND LINE
WILLIAM E. SHOTTS, JR.
THE LINUX COMMAND LINE
THE LINUX COMMAND LINE
SHOTTS
THE LINUX
COMMAND LINE
A Complete
Introduction
by William E. Shotts, Jr.
San Francisco
THE LINUX COMMAND LINE. Copyright © 2012 by William E. Shotts, Jr.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the
prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.
16 15 14 13 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
ISBN-10: 1-59327-389-4
ISBN-13: 978-1-59327-389-7
Publisher: William Pollock
Production Editor: Serena Yang
Cover Design: Octopod Studios
Developmental Editor: Keith Fancher
Technical Reviewer: Therese Bao
Copyeditor: Ward Webber
Compositors: Serena Yang and Alison Law
Proofreader: Paula L. Fleming
For information on book distributors or translations, please contact No Starch Press, Inc. directly:
No Starch Press, Inc.
38 Ringold Street, San Francisco, CA 94103
phone: 415.863.9900; fax: 415.863.9950; info@nostarch.com; www.nostarch.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Shotts, William E.
The Linux command line: a complete introduction / William E. Shotts, Jr.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-59327-389-7 (pbk.)
ISBN-10: 1-59327-389-4 (pbk.)
1. Linux. 2. Scripting Languages (Computer science) 3. Operating systems (Computers) I. Title.
QA76.76.O63S5556 2011
005.4'32--dc23
2011029198
No Starch Press and the No Starch Press logo are registered trademarks of No Starch Press, Inc. Other product and
company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than use a trademark
symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we are using the names only in an editorial fashion and to
the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.
The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been
taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author nor No Starch Press, Inc. shall have any liability to any
person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the
information contained in it.
BRIEF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments...................................................................................................................xxiii
Introduction.............................................................................................................................xxv
PART 1: LEARNING THE SHELL
Chapter 1: What Is the Shell?.......................................................................................................3
Chapter 2: Navigation................................................................................................................7
Chapter 3: Exploring the System.................................................................................................13
Chapter 4: Manipulating Files and Directories..............................................................................25
Chapter 5: Working with Commands..........................................................................................39
Chapter 6: Redirection..............................................................................................................49
Chapter 7: Seeing the World as the Shell Sees It..........................................................................59
Chapter 8: Advanced Keyboard Tricks........................................................................................69
Chapter 9: Permissions..............................................................................................................77
Chapter 10: Processes...............................................................................................................95
PART 2: CONFIGURATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 11: The Environment...................................................................................................109
Chapter 12: A Gentle Introduction to vi.....................................................................................121
Chapter 13: Customizing the Prompt.........................................................................................139
PART 3: COMMON TASKS AND ESSENTIAL TOOLS
Chapter 14: Package Management..........................................................................................149
Chapter 15: Storage Media.....................................................................................................159
Chapter 16: Networking.........................................................................................................175
Chapter 17: Searching for Files................................................................................................187
Chapter 18: Archiving and Backup...........................................................................................201
Chapter 19: Regular Expressions..............................................................................................215
Chapter 20: Text Processing....................................................................................................233
Chapter 21: Formatting Output.................................................................................................267
Chapter 22: Printing...............................................................................................................285
Chapter 23: Compiling Programs.............................................................................................297
PART 4: WRITING SHELL SCRIPTS
Chapter 24: Writing Your First Script........................................................................................309
Chapter 25: Starting a Project..................................................................................................315
Chapter 26: Top-Down Design.................................................................................................325
Chapter 27: Flow Control: Branching with if..............................................................................333
Chapter 28: Reading Keyboard Input........................................................................................347
Chapter 29: Flow Control: Looping with while and until..............................................................357
Chapter 30: Troubleshooting....................................................................................................363
Chapter 31: Flow Control: Branching with case.........................................................................375
Chapter 32: Positional Parameters............................................................................................381
Chapter 33: Flow Control: Looping with for...............................................................................393
Chapter 34: Strings and Numbers............................................................................................399
Chapter 35: Arrays.................................................................................................................415
Chapter 36: Exotica................................................................................................................423
Index.....................................................................................................................................433
viii
Brief Contents
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