• Table of Contents
• Index
The Linux® Networking Architecture: Design and Implementation of Network Protocols in the Linux Kernel
By Klaus Wehrle, Frank Pählke, Hartmut Ritter, Daniel Müller, Marc Bechler
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub Date: August 01, 2004
ISBN: 0-13-177720-3
Pages: 648
Copyright ii
Preface xiii
Organization of this Book xiv
Additional Sources of Information xv
Conventions Used in this Book xvi
Acknowledgments xvii
Part I: The Linux Kernel 1
Chapter 1. Motivation 3
Section 1.1. The Linux Operating
System
4
Section 1.2. What is Linux? 5
Section 1.3. Reasons for Using Linux 6
Chapter 2. The Kernel Structure 9
Section 2.1. Monolithic Architectures
and Microkernels
11
Section 2.2. Activities in the Linux
Kernel
12
Section 2.3. Locking?Atomic
Operations
17
Section 2.4. Kernel Modules 23
Section 2.5. Device Drivers 29
Section 2.6. Memory Management in
the Kernel
31
Section 2.7. Timing in the Linux Kernel 35
Section 2.8. The Proc File System 40
Section 2.9. Versioning 43
Part II: Architecture of Network
Implementation
45
Chapter 3. The Architecture of
Communication Systems
47
Section 3.1. Layer-Based
Communication Models
47
Section 3.2. Services and Protocols 52
Chapter 4. Managing Network Packets in
the Kernel
55
Section 4.1. Socket Buffers 55
Section 4.2. Socket-Buffer Queues 66
Chapter 5. Network Devices 71
Section 5.1. The net_device Interface 73
Section 5.2. Managing Network Devices 82
Section 5.3. Network Drivers 92
Part III: Layer I + II?Medium Access
and Logical Link Layer
115
Chapter 6. Introduction to the Data-Link
Layer
117
Section 6.1. Structure of the Data-Link
Layer
117
Section 6.2. Processes on the
Data-Link Layer
119
Section 6.3. Managing Layer-3
Protocols
127
Chapter 7. The Serial-Line Internet
Protocol (SLIP)
132
Section 7.1. Introduction 132
Section 7.2. Slip Implementation in the
Linux Kernel
134
Chapter 8. The Point-to-Point Protocol
(PPP)
145
Section 8.1. Introduction 145
Section 8.2. PPP Configuration in Linux 148
Section 8.3. PPP Implementation in
the Linux Kernel
150
Section 8.4. Implementing the PPP
Daemon
158
Chapter 9. PPP over Ethernet 161
Section 9.1. Introduction 161
Section 9.2. PPPOE Specification in
RFC 2516
161
Section 9.3. Implementation in the
User Space
163
Section 9.4. Implementation in the
Linux Kernel
164
Chapter 10. Asynchronous Transfer
Mode?ATM
168
Section 10.1. Introduction 168
Section 10.2. Implementing ATM in
Linux
169
Section 10.3. Configuration 177
Chapter 11. Bluetooth in Linux 179
Section 11.1. Host Controller Interface
(HCI)
181
Section 11.2. L2CAP 185
Section 11.3. Other Protocols 188
Chapter 12. Transparent Bridges 189
Section 12.1. Introduction 189
Section 12.2. Basics 190
Section 12.3. Configuring a Bridge in
Linux
199
Section 12.4. Implementation 202
Part IV: Network Layer 221
Chapter 13. The TCP/IP Protocols 223
Section 13.1. The Internet Protocol
Suite
224
Chapter 14. The Internet Protocol V4 227
Section 14.1. Properties of the
Internet Protocol
228
Section 14.2. Implementing the
Internet Protocol
233
Section 14.3. IP Options 250
Section 14.4. Internet Control
Message Protocol (ICMP)
262
Chapter 15. Address Resolution Protocol
(ARP)
273
Section 15.1. Using the Address
Resolution Protocol
274
Section 15.2. The ARP Command 276
Section 15.3. Implementing the ARP
Instance in the Linux Kernel
277
Chapter 16. IP Routing 293
Section 16.1. Introduction 293
Section 16.2. Configuration 301
Section 16.3. Implementation 309
Chapter 17. IP Multicast for Group
Communication
330
Section 17.1. Group Communication 331
Section 17.2. IP Multicast 333
Section 17.3. Internet Group
Management Protocol (IGMP)
339
Section 17.4. Multicast Data Path in
the Linux Kernel
345
Section 17.5. Multicasting in Today's
Internet
355
Section 17.6. Multicast Transport
Protocols
364
Chapter 18. Using Traffic Control to
Support Quality of Service (QoS)
366
Section 18.1. Introduction 366
Section 18.2. Basic Structure of Traffic
Control in Linux
367
Section 18.3. Traffic Control in the
Outgoing Direction
367
Section 18.4. Kernel Structures and
Interfaces
369
Section 18.5. Ingress Policing 378
Section 18.6. Implementing a Queuing
Discipline
378
Section 18.7. Configuration 381
Chapter 19. Packet Filters and Firewalls 383
Section 19.1. Introduction 383
Section 19.2. The Ipchains
Architecture of Linux 2.2
386
Section 19.3. The Netfilter
Architecture of Linux 2.4
391
Chapter 20. Connection Tracking 399
Section 20.1. Introduction 399
Section 20.2. Implementation 400
Chapter 21. Network Address
Translation (NAT)
410
Section 21.1. Introduction 410
Section 21.2. Configuring NAT in Linux 414
Section 21.3. Implementing the NAT
Module
416
Section 21.4. Interfaces to Extend the
NAT Module
422
Chapter 22. Extending the Linux
Network Architecture Functionality?KIDS
426
Section 22.1. Managing Dynamically
Extendable Functionalities
426
Section 22.2. Structure of the KIDS
Construction System
428
Section 22.3. Using the KIDS Example
to Extend the Linux Network
Architecture
431
Chapter 23. IPv6?Internet Protocol
Version 6
443
Section 23.1. Introduction 443
Section 23.2. IPv6 Features 443
Section 23.3. IPv6 Implementation 450
Part V: Layer IV?Transport Layer 455
Chapter 24. Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP)
457
Section 24.1. Overview 457
Section 24.2. Implementing The TCP
Protocol Instance
460
Section 24.3. Connection Management 476
Section 24.4. Protocol Mechanisms For
Data Exchange
486
Section 24.5. Timer Management In
TCP
508
Chapter 25. User Datagram Protocol
(UDP)
513
Section 25.1. Introduction 513
Section 25.2. Data Structures 514
Section 25.3. Sending and Receiving
UDP Datagrams
519
Chapter 26. The Concept of Sockets 522
Section 26.1. Introduction 522
Section 26.2. BSD Sockets 522
Section 26.3. Protocol-Specific Sockets 526
Part VI: Layer V?Application Layer 533
Chapter 27. Network Programming With
Sockets
535
Section 27.1. Introduction 535
Section 27.2. Functions of the Socket
API
538
Section 27.3. Examples 548
Part VII: Appendices 549
Appendix A. The LXR Source-Code
Browser
551
Section A.1. Functionality 551
Section A.2. Installation 555
Appendix B. Debugging in the Linux
Kernel
557
Section B.1. Log Outputs From the
Linux Kernel
557
Section B.2. Creating Strings in the
Kernel
561
Section B.3. Information in the /proc
Directory
564
Section B.4. Using a Debugger with
the Linux Kernel
569
Appendix C. Tools and Commands for
Network Operation
572
Section C.1. Using ifconfig to Manage
Network Devices
572
Section C.2. Using ping to Test the
Reachability
575
Section C.3. Using netstat to View the
Network State
576
Section C.4. Using route for Routing
Information
578
Section C.5. Using tcpdump for
Network Analysis
579
Section C.6. USING traceroute TO
TRACE PACKETS
582
Section C.7. Other Tools 584
Appendix D. Example for a Kernel Module 588
Appendix E. Example for a
Network-Layer Protocol
591
Appendix F. Example for a Transport
Protocol
593
Appendix G. Example for Communication
over Sockets
595
Section G.1. SERVER 595
Section G.2. CLIENT 598
Bibliography
Index
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