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《TCP-IP Illustrated, Volume 2, The Implemention》.pdf

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ptg11539634

ptg11539634
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TCP/IP Illustrated
The Implementation
Volume 2
W. Richard Stevens
Gary R. Wright
Addison-Wesley Professional

ptg11539634
Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series
Brian W. Kernighan, Consulting Editor
Matthew H. Austern, Generic Programming and the STL: Using and Extending the C++ Standard Template Library
David R. Butenhof, Programming with POSIX
®
Threads
Brent Callaghan, NFS Illustrated
Tom Cargill, C++ Programming Style
William R. Cheswick/Steven M. Bellovin/Aviel D. Rubin, Firewalls and Internet Security, Second Edition: Repelling
the Wily Hacker
David A. Curry, UNIX
®
System Security: A Guide for Users and System Administrators
Stephen C. Dewhurst, C++ Gotchas: Avoiding Common Problems in Coding and Design
Dan Farmer/Wietse Venema, Forensic Discovery
Erich Gamma/Richard Helm/Ralph Johnson/John Vlissides, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-
Oriented Software
Erich Gamma/Richard Helm/Ralph Johnson/John Vlissides, Design Patterns CD: Elements of Reusable Object-
Oriented Software
Peter Haggar, Practical Java
™
Programming Language Guide
David R. Hanson, C Interfaces and Implementations: Techniques for Creating Reusable Software
Mark Harrison/Michael McLennan, Effective Tcl/Tk Programming: Writing Better Programs with Tcl and Tk
Michi Henning/Steve Vinoski, Advanced CORBA
®
Programming with C++
Brian W. Kernighan/Rob Pike, The Practice of Programming
S. Keshav, An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking: ATM Networks, the Internet, and the Telephone Network
John Lakos, Large-Scale C++ Software Design
Scott Meyers, Effective C++ CD: 85 Specific Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs
Scott Meyers, Effective C++, Third Edition: 55 Specific Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs
Scott Meyers, More Effective C++: 35 New Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs
Scott Meyers, Effective STL: 50 Specific Ways to Improve Your Use of the Standard Template Library
Robert B. Murray, C++ Strategies and Tactics
David R. Musser/Gillmer J. Derge/Atul Saini, STL Tutorial and Reference Guide, Second Edition:
C++ Programming with the Standard Template Library
John K. Ousterhout, Tcl and the Tk Toolkit
Craig Partridge, Gigabit Networking
Radia Perlman, Interconnections, Second Edition: Bridges, Routers, Switches, and Internetworking Protocols
Stephen A. Rago, UNIX
®
System V Network Programming
Eric S. Raymond, The Art of UNIX Programming
Marc J. Rochkind, Advanced UNIX Programming, Second Edition
Curt Schimmel, UNIX
®
Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers
W. Richard Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols
W. Richard Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 3: TCP for Transactions, HTTP, NNTP, and the UNIX
®
Domain Protocols
W. Richard Stevens/Bill Fenner/Andrew M. Rudoff, UNIX Network Programming Volume 1, Third Edition: The
Sockets Networking API
W. Richard Stevens/Stephen A. Rago, Advanced Programming in the UNIX
®
Environment, Second Edition
W. Richard Stevens/Gary R. Wright, TCP/IP Illustrated Volumes 1-3 Boxed Set
John Viega/Gary McGraw, Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
Gary R. Wright/W. Richard Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2: The Implementation
Ruixi Yuan/W. Timothy Strayer, Virtual Private Networks: Technologies and Solutions
Visit www.awprofessional.com/series/professionalcomputing for more information about these titles.
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Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Section 1.1. Introduction 1
Section 1.2. Source Code Presentation 1
Section 1.3. History 3
Section 1.4. Application Programming Interfaces 4
Section 1.5. Example Program 4
Section 1.6. System Calls and Library Functions 6
Section 1.7. Network Implementation Overview 8
Section 1.8. Descriptors 9
Section 1.9. Mbufs (Memory Buffers) and Output Processing 13
Section 1.10. Input Processing 18
Section 1.11. Network Implementation Overview Revisited 21
Section 1.12. Interrupt Levels and Concurrency 22
Section 1.13. Source Code Organization 25
Section 1.14. Test Network 26
Section 1.15. Summary 27
Chapter 2. Mbufs: Memory Buffers 29
Section 2.1. Introduction 29
Section 2.2. Code Introduction 33
Section 2.3. Mbuf Definitions 34
Section 2.4. mbuf Structure 35
Section 2.5. Simple Mbuf Macros and Functions 37
Section 2.6. m_devget and m_pullup Functions 41
Section 2.7. Summary of Mbuf Macros and Functions 48
Section 2.8. Summary of Net/3 Networking Data Structures 51
Section 2.9. m_copy and Cluster Reference Counts 53
Section 2.10. Alternatives 57
Section 2.11. Summary 57
Chapter 3. Interface Layer 59
Section 3.1. Introduction 59
Section 3.2. Code Introduction 59
Section 3.3. ifnet Structure 61
Section 3.4. ifaddr Structure 70
Section 3.5. sockaddr Structure 72
Section 3.6. ifnet and ifaddr Specialization 73
Section 3.7. Network Initialization Overview 75
Section 3.8. Ethernet Initialization 77
Section 3.9. SLIP Initialization 80
Section 3.10. Loopback Initialization 83
Section 3.11. if_attach Function 83
Section 3.12. ifinit Function 91
3.13 Summary 93
Chapter 4. Interfaces: Ethernet 94
Section 4.1. Introduction 94
Section 4.2. Code Introduction 95
Section 4.3. Ethernet Interface 98

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Section 4.4. ioctl System Call 115
Section 4.5. Summary 127
Chapter 5. Interfaces: SLIP and Loopback 128
Section 5.1. Introduction 128
Section 5.2. Code Introduction 128
Section 5.3. SLIP Interface 129
Section 5.4. Loopback Interface 149
Section 5.5. Summary 152
Chapter 6. IP Addressing 153
Section 6.1. Introduction 153
Section 6.2. Code Introduction 155
Section 6.3. Interface and Address Summary 155
Section 6.4. sockaddr_in Structure 157
Section 6.5. in_ifaddr Structure 158
Section 6.6. Address Assignment 159
Section 6.7. Interface ioctl Processing 176
Section 6.8. Internet Utility Functions 179
Section 6.9. ifnet Utility Functions 179
Section 6.10. Summary 180
Chapter 7. Domains and Protocols 182
Section 7.1. Introduction 182
Section 7.2. Code Introduction 182
Section 7.3. domain Structure 183
Section 7.4. protosw Structure 184
Section 7.5. IP domain and protosw Structures 187
Section 7.6. pffindproto and pffindtype Functions 193
Section 7.7. pfctlinput Function 194
Section 7.8. IP Initialization 195
Section 7.9. sysctl System Call 197
Section 7.10. Summary 200
Chapter 8. IP: Internet Protocol 202
Section 8.1. Introduction 202
Section 8.2. Code Introduction 203
Section 8.3. IP Packets 205
Section 8.4. Input Processing: ipintr Function 208
Section 8.5. Forwarding: ip_forward Function 216
Section 8.6. Output Processing: ip_output Function 224
Section 8.7. Internet Checksum: in_cksum Function 232
Section 8.8. setsockopt and getsockopt System Calls 236
Section 8.9. ip_sysctl Function 241
Section 8.10. Summary 242
Chapter 9. IP Option Processing 244
Section 9.1. Introduction 244
Section 9.2. Code Introduction 244
Section 9.3. Option Format 245
Section 9.4. ip_dooptions Function 246
Section 9.5. Record Route Option 249
Section 9.6. Source and Record Route Options 251
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