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1
Word Frequency List of American English
Mark Davies and Dee Gardner
© 2010
These are entries 1-20,000 from the frequency lists that are available from www.wordfrequency.info.
They are based on the 400+ million word Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), which is the
only large, recent, and genre-balanced corpus of American English. Due to the characteristics of the
corpus on which the data is based, you can be sure that the words that you find here are ones that you
would encounter in the "real world". Because the entries are arranged in order of frequency, you can
maximize your study of English vocabulary in a way that is probably not available with any other
resource.
Other frequency lists are available from www.wordfrequency.info, including 5,000 and 10,000 word lists
that have the same format as this one. In addition, it is possible to purchase frequency and collocates
lists that contain 200-300 collocates for each word (compared to the 20-30 here), for a total of about
5,000,000 collocates for the 20,000 word list. Unlike this PDF version, the expanded collocates lists allow
you to edit, copy from, and print from the files. On the other hand, those versions are not formatted as
nicely as what you have here, they are more expensive, and they are designed mainly for use by
(computational) linguists.
In addition to the frequency lists, you can also purchase complete 2-gram and 3-gram lists from the
entire 400 million word corpus, containing more than 100 million n-grams. You can also purchase a
printed (book) version of the entries 1-5,000, which was published by Routledge in 2010 as the
Frequency Dictionary of American English: word sketches, collocates, and thematic lists. (Note that this
list has about 30-40% fewer collocates for the words 1-5,000 than in the printed book, because of a
copyright agreement with Routledge in which we promised not to duplicate the contents of the book.)
Finally, a note on accuracy. We believe that the frequency list itself (the words #1-5,000, 10,000 or
20,000) is very accurate -- probably more so than any other frequency list of English. In addition, the
more than 100,000 collocates for words 1-5,000 have been corrected manually, although there are
undoubtedly a few remaining problems. There are more than 250,000 collocates for the 10,000 word list
and more than 500,000 collocates for the 20,000 word list. Because of the number of collocates, these
have not been checked individually for accuracy, although many efforts have been made to correct the
list as a whole.
If you would like to see detailed information on the composition of the corpus, and details on exactly
how the frequency list was created (tokenization, part of speech tagging, lemmatization, frequency and
dispersion calculations, extracting collocates, etc), please see the introductory material in the book
sample.
Thank you for purchasing this frequency list. We hope that it will be a useful tool for you in your study,
teaching, and research of English.
2
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
PART OF SPEECH INDEX
verb noun adjective adverb function word
(Note: use ALT ← to return to indexes from frequency-based entries)
Format of entries
Rank frequency (1, 2, 3, …), lemma, part of speech
Collocates
(● Synonyms, when available)
Raw frequency, dispersion (0.00 – 1.00), (register variation: Spoken, Fiction, Magazines, Newspapers, Academic)
Note that the collocates are grouped by part of speech and ordered by frequency (most frequent first). The * • +
symbol indicates pre/post placement with regards to the headword.
1 the a
of, first, year, most,
•
world, over,
•
same, day, end,
between,
•
United States, next, during
•
22038615 | 0.98
2 be v
misc there, if, many,
•
able, long, always, likely, since,
never, sure, often,
•
available,
•
aware, afraid
● exist, live, have being || take place, happen, occur
|| be situated, be located, remain
12545825 | 0.97
3 and c
her, their, other, up, between
•
,
•
then, both, back,
over, year, down, off, family, friend
● then, after that, afterward || plus, in addition to,
as well as || furthermore, moreover, also
10741073 | 0.99
4 of i
out
•
, because
•
, front
•
, instead
•
, terms
•
, way, top
•
,
ahead
•
, outside
•
, favor
•
, place, charge
•
, light, spite
•
10343885 | 0.97
5 a a
•
lot,
•
few, while, month,
•
single,
•
minute,
•
chance,
•
bit,
•
series, hour,
•
variety,
•
huge,
•
dozen, mile
10144200 | 0.98
6 in i
which, year, new, way, place,
•
world, life, school,
country, case,
•
area, city,
•
United States,
•
fact
● around, inside, within || appearing in, taking part
in, participating in, featuring in
6996437 | 0.98
7 to t
in, want
•
, try
•
, back
•
, need
•
, able
•
, lead
•
, return
•
,
allow
•
, enough
•
, continue, listen
•
, close
•
, refer
•
6332195 | 0.98
8 have v
noun
•
trouble,
•
knack,
•
qualm,
•
repercussion,
•
recourse,
•
inkling, misgiving,
•
foresight misc already,
•
been,
•
done,
•
shown,
•
begun,
•
seen,
•
gotten
● possess, own || must, need || make sure, make
certain || receive, obtain || consume, take || think
of, come up with || experience, undergo || be
affected by, suffer from || organize, carry out ||
tolerate, put up with || produce, bear
4303955 | 0.97
9 to i
in, want
•
, try
•
, back
•
, need
•
, able
•
, lead
•
, return
•
,
allow
•
, enough
•
, continue, listen
•
, close
•
, refer
•
3856916 | 0.99
3
10 it p
think
•
, so, because,
•
seem, even, hard,
•
easy,
•
clear,
whether
•
,
•
difficult,
•
possible, sound, worth,
•
impossible
● the aforementioned, he, she, her || the situation,
the problem, the issue, the subject
3872477 | 0.96
11 I p
•
think, know, like,
•
mean,
•
believe, love, guess, sure,
myself,
•
remember, sorry,
•
wonder, wish, afraid
● myself, I myself, I for one, I personally, yours truly,
me
3978265 | 0.93
12 that c
fact
•
, believe
•
, suggest
•
, indicate
•
, argue
•
, realize
•
,
note
•
, clear
•
, evidence
•
, ensure
•
, aware
•
, notion
•
,
stuff,
•
correct
3430996 | 0.97
13 for i
•
year, reason, wait
•
, need
•
, while, support,
•
month,
•
minute,
•
hour, search
•
, responsible
•
, account
•
,
•
second, prepare
•
● aimed at, intended for, designed for, meant for ||
in favor of, in support of, pro
3281454 | 0.98
14 you p
know, if
•
, get, think, want, see, tell, me, thank
•
, ask,
let,
•
need, mean, talk
3081151 | 0.92 S
15 he p
say, when
•
, tell, like, ask, feel, before, himself,
believe, though
•
,
•
write,
•
add, speak, die
2909254 | 0.94
16 with i
deal
•
, associate
•
, fill
•
, relationship
•
, compare
•
,
contact
•
, charge
•
, interview
•
, consistent
•
, familiar
•
,
conversation
•
, cope
•
,
•
exception, comfortable
•
● by means of, by, through || together with, along
with, in conjunction with || in addition to, plus,
including
2683014 | 0.99
17 on i
base
•
,
•
side, focus
•
,
•
street,
•
floor,
•
ground, depend
•
,
•
basis, effect
•
, rely
•
, impact
•
,
•
list, attack
•
,
•
page
● sitting on, on top of, resting on, lying on || at, next
to, by the side of, by
2485306 | 0.99
18 do v
noun
•
homework, harm, me,
•
laundry,
•
talking,
•
disservice,
•
bidding,
•
housework,
•
push-up misc you,
what,
•
not,
•
know,
•
think, want, why
•
, mean,
•
believe,
•
care,
•
mind
● perform, accomplish, act || see to, fix, prepare ||
solve, work out, resolve
2573587 | 0.95
19 say v
noun official
•
, expert
•
, spokesman, analyst, critic
•
,
prosecutor, spokeswoman, diplomat misc
•
goodbye,
•
quietly,
•
softly, needless
•
,
•
aloud,
•
proudly,
•
flatly,
suffice
•
, quoted
● speak, utter, articulate, declare || give away,
express, disclose, display
1915138 | 0.95
20 this d
•
year,
•
country,
•
case,
•
week, point,
•
morning, early
•
,
•
season, month,
•
article,
•
stuff,
•
weekend,
•
summer,
•
particular
1885366 | 0.96
21 they p
because
•
, so,
•
want, like, before, believe, themselves,
once, decide, realize, eat, insist,
•
perceive,
•
deserve
1865580 | 0.96
22 at i
look
•
,
•
time,
•
university,
•
point,
•
end,
•
home,
•
level,
stare
•
,
•
center,
•
moment,
•
age, PM,
•
top, professor
•
● on, next to, by the side of, by
1767638 | 0.98
23 but c
•
also,
•
for,
•
rather, nothing
•
, necessarily,
•
nonetheless,
•
now,
•
reason, everything
•
, truth,
•
moment, wear
•
,
•
sake, whole
1776767 | 0.97
24 we p
•
go, know, think, so
•
,
•
see, our,
•
need,
•
talk,
•
want,
•
hear, before, believe,
•
learn, ourselves
1820935 | 0.94 S
4
25 his a
hand,
•
own,
•
head,
•
wife,
•
eye, father, face, arm,
•
mother, shake
•
,
•
son,
•
brother,
•
career,
•
shoulder
1801708 | 0.95
26 from i
range
•
, different, remove
•
, prevent
•
, benefit
•
, suffer
•
,
across, emerge
•
, separate
•
, derive
•
, mile
•
,
•
perspective, distance,
•
beginning
● as of, after, on or after, beginning, starting,
commencing
1635914 | 0.99
27 that d
fact
•
, believe
•
, suggest
•
, indicate
•
, argue
•
, realize
•
,
note
•
, clear
•
, evidence
•
, ensure
•
, aware
•
, notion
•
,
stuff,
•
correct
1712406 | 0.94 S
28 not x
•
only,
•
enough,
•
yet,
•
sure, or
•
, whether
•
, simply,
certainly
•
,
•
necessarily,
•
mention,
•
anymore,
•
proofread,
•
surprising,
•
merely
1638830 | 0.98
29 n''t x
do
•
, can
•
,
•
know,
•
want,
•
any, why,
•
anything, really,
•
enough,
•
understand,
•
care,
•
anymore,
•
worry,
•
matter
1619007 | 0.94
30 by i
own, cause
•
, surround
•
, back, influence
•
, affect
•
,
•
inch, accompany
•
, replace
•
, publish
•
, inspire
•
, mark,
fund, dominate
•
● through, via, in || with, next to, near || not later
than, before, sooner than
1490548 | 0.96
31 she p
her, say, like, herself, before, realize, cry, marry,
soon, whisper, pregnant, reply, asleep, softly
● this woman, that woman, the woman in question,
this girl, that girl, the girl in question
1484869 | 0.91 F
32 or c
either
•
, whether
•
, minute
•
, hour,
•
whatever, month,
search, modify
•
,
•
otherwise, sooner
•
, mile,
•
depending
1379320 | 0.97
33 as c
well, such
•
, much
•
, long
•
, such
•
, far
•
, same
•
,
•
result,
•
part,
•
though, soon
•
, serve
•
,
•
possible, describe
•
● while, when, during || because, since, seeing that
|| like, identical to, the same as || to such an extent,
equally, to the same degree
1296879 | 0.98
34 what d
do, know
•
, about,
•
happen, tell, like,
•
mean,
•
call,
exactly
•
, matter,
•
wrong, wonder
•
,
•
hell,
•
supposed
1181023 | 0.94
35 go v
noun
•
bed,
•
bathroom,
•
mile,
•
nut,
•
berserk, jail misc
•
through, let
•
,
•
home,
•
away,
•
happen,
•
ahead,
•
beyond,
•
sleep,
•
anywhere,
•
crazy
on what
•
,
•
inside, list
•
,
•
forever, hell
•
, fighting
•
,
•
length,
•
usual, heck
•
,
•
indefinitely off bomb
•
, alarm
•
,
siren
•
, beeper
•
, bulb
•
, pager
•
,
•
tangent, firework
•
,
flashbulb
•
, firecracker
•
back let
•
,
•
home,
•
forth,
•
sleep,
•
inside,
•
upstairs,
•
downstairs,
•
jail up
•
flame,
•
smoke, curtain
•
, cheer
•
, eyebrow
•
,
•
dramatically,
roar
•
,
•
chimney down sun
•
,
•
tube, swelling
•
,
•
breakfast, Titanic out
•
dinner,
•
public, party,
breakfast
● leave, go away || travel, move || work, run ||
reach, extend || become, get || die, pass away
1151045 | 0.93 S
36 their a
•
own, child,
•
life,
•
home, parent,
•
ability,
•
daughter,
•
counterpart,
•
peer,
•
identity,
•
neighbor,
•
respective,
relative,
•
participation
1083029 | 0.97
37 can v
noun others, Mr, equation
•
, Dr, counselor
•
, mean,
anytime, me, Mrs, certainty, calorie, criteria,
•
havoc,
teacher-librarian
•
misc you, n't, see, how, so, help,
believe, afford, anything, imagine, understand, easily,
cause, anyone, handle
● dismiss, fire, sack, discharge, give notice, let go
1022775 | 0.98
38 who p
people
•
, those
•
, man
•
, one
•
, woman
•
,
•
live,
someone
•
, person
•
, guy
•
, anyone
•
, care, individual
•
,
somebody
•
, anybody
•
1018283 | 0.97
5
39 get v
noun
•
job, chance, trouble,
•
call, help, message,
•
sleep,
•
impression misc better,
•
home,
•
rid,
•
ready,
•
marry,
•
involved,
•
sick,
•
closer,
•
married, worse
out
•
there,
•
vote,
•
alive, ahead,
•
safely,
•
underneath,
wallet,
•
handkerchief, bail,
•
checkbook back
•
home,
•
together,
•
normal,
•
track,
•
basic,
•
touch, till
•
, eager
•
,
anxious
•
up
•
walk,
•
early,
•
speed, slowly,
•
nerve,
•
courage,
•
dawn,
•
pace, abruptly off
•
bus,
•
easy,
•
ass,
•
butt,
•
lightly,
•
scot-free,
•
duff
● become, grow || understand, comprehend ||
cause, make || contract, pick up || move, step ||
obtain, acquire
992596 | 0.94
40 if c
•
you, even
•
, ask, wonder
•
,
•
ever,
•
anything,
•
necessary, mind,
•
somebody,
•
desire, lucky,
•
convict,
•
correctly
933542 | 0.97
41 would v
noun proposal
•
, legislation
•
, dollar, Dr, likelihood,
guess, assurance
•
, criteria, voucher, be-, Iraqi, acre,
re-election,
•
understatement, grandchild misc like,
never, probably, hope, allow, able, expect, require,
soon, rather, agree, certainly, otherwise, anyone,
wonder
925515 | 0.97
42 her a
she,
•
she, hand, mother,
•
eye,
•
husband,
•
own,
•
head, tell
•
,
•
face,
•
father, hair, arm,
•
daughter
969591 | 0.91 F
43 all d
after
•
, well, above
•
,
•
sort,
•
along, while,
•
stuff,
virtually
•
, equal,
•
ingredient,
•
due
892102 | 0.98
44 my a
•
mother,
•
father,
•
life,
•
own,
•
friend, hand,
•
head,
•
eye,
•
wife,
•
mind,
•
husband,
•
brother,
•
son,
•
name
919821 | 0.93 F
45 make v
noun decision,
•
sense, money,
•
difference,
•
mistake,
point, choice, change, effort, statement, progress,
movie, sound,
•
love, deal misc
•
sure,
•
feel,
•
easy,
•
clear,
•
possible,
•
difficult,
•
impossible,
•
worse,
•
easier
up
•
mind,
•
percent,
•
story,
•
own, group,
•
difference,
•
lost, try
•
,
•
majority, mostly out can
•
,
•
word, barely
•
,
check,
•
shape,
•
bandit
● create, build || put together, assemble ||
manufacture, yield || throw together, cook || cause,
bring about || earn, bring in || force, compel || turn
into, become || appoint, elect || manage,
accomplish || achieve, get into || make up,
constitute || reach, get to
857168 | 0.98
46 about i
talk
•
, what, think
•
, how, tell
•
, worry
•
, something,
question
•
, write
•
, hear
•
, care
•
, learn
•
, information
•
,
story
•
● concerning, regarding, in relation to, on the
subject of, on, with reference to
874406 | 0.96
47 know v
noun guy, truth, stuff, hell,
•
certainty, whereabouts,
•
bound misc you
•
, do
•
,
•
what,
•
how, everyone,
•
exactly, everybody, nobody
•
, anybody,
•
firsthand,
instinctively,
•
intimately, collectively
● understand, be aware of, be knowledgeable about
|| experience, go through, undergo || be
acquainted with, be familiar with, distinguish
892535 | 0.93 S
48 will v
noun proposal, legislation, mistake, dollar,
amendment, Dr, mile, neighbor, likelihood
•
, be-,
understatement, would-, in, is
•
misc that, n't, think,
like, like, never, why, probably, such, happen, so,
hope, believe, allow, able
● want, wish, yearn, desire, long, hope against hope
824568 | 0.97
49 as i
well, such
•
, much
•
, long
•
, such
•
, far
•
, same
•
,
•
result,
•
part,
•
though, soon
•
, serve
•
,
•
possible, describe
•
● in the role of, in the function of, having the status
of, being
829018 | 0.95
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