latex物理单位宏包siunitx_latex物理单位

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siunitx — A comprehensive (SI) units package

∗

Joseph Wright

†

Released 2017/08/02

Abstract

Physical quantities have both numbers and units, and each physical quantity

should be expressed as the product of a number and a unit. Typesetting physical

quantities requires care to ensure that the combined mathematical meaning of the

number–unit combination is clear. In particular, the SI units system lays down a

consistent set of units with rules on how these are to be used. However, differ-

ent countries and publishers have differing conventions on the exact appearance of

numbers (and units).

The siunitx package provides a set of tools for authors to typeset quantities in a

consistent way. The package has an extended set of conﬁguration options which

make it possible to follow varying typographic conventions with the same input

syntax. The package includes automated processing of numbers and units, and the

ability to control tabular alignment of numbers.

Contents

1 Introduction 3

2 Installation 3

3 siunitx for the impatient 4

4 Using the siunitx package 5

4.1 Loading the package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4.2 Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4.3 Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4.4 The unit macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4.5 Creating new macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.6 Tabular material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

∗

This ﬁle describes v2.7j, last revised 2017/08/02.

†

E-mail: joseph.wright@morningstar2.co.uk

5 Comprehensive details of package control options 17

5.1 The key–value control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5.2 Detecting fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5.3 Font settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

5.4 Parsing numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5.5 Post-processing numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

5.6 Printing numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

5.7 Multi-part numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

5.8 Lists and ranges of numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

5.9 Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

5.10 Creating units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

5.11 Loading additional units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

5.12 Using units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

5.13 Numbers with units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

5.14 Tabular material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

5.15 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

5.16 Other options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

5.17 Local conﬁgurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

6 Localisation 59

7 Hints for using siunitx 60

7.1 Ensuring text or math output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

7.2 Expanding content in tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

7.3 Using siunitx with datatool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

7.4 Using units such as µm s

−1

in headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

7.5 A left-aligned column visually centred under a heading . . . . . . . . . 63

7.6 Symbols and X

X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

7.7 Scaled document fonts with X

X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

7.8 Interaction with tex4ht . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

7.9 Maximising performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

7.10 Transferring settings to pgf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

7.11 Using siunitx with the cellspace package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

7.12 Special considerations for the \kWh unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

7.13 Adding items after the last column of a tabular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

7.14 Creating a column with numbers and units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

7.15 Tables with heading rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

7.16 Associating a locale with a babel language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

8 Information for those upgrading 69

8.1 Upgrading from version 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

8.2 Upgrading from version 2.0 or 2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

8.3 Upgrading from version 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

8.4 Upgrading from version 2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

8.5 Upgrading from version 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

8.6 Upgrading from version 2.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

9 Correct application of (SI) units 74

9.1 Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

9.2 Mathematical meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

9.3 Graphs and tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

10 Making suggestions and reporting bugs 80

11 Code level interfaces 80

12 Thanks 80

Change History 81

Index 88

1 Introduction

The correct application of units of measurement is very important in technical applica-

tions. For this reason, carefully-crafted deﬁnitions of a coherent units system have been

laid down by the Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM): this has resulted in

the Système International d’Unités (SI). At the same time, typographic conventions for

correctly displaying both numbers and units exist to ensure that no loss of meaning

occurs in printed matter.

siunitx aims to provide a uniﬁed method for L

X users to typeset numbers and

units correctly and easily. The design philosophy of siunitx is to follow the agreed rules

by default, but to allow variation through option settings. In this way, users can use

siunitx to follow the requirements of publishers, co-authors, universities, etc. without

needing to alter the input at all.

2 Installation

The package is supplied in dtx format and as a pre-extracted zip ﬁle, siunitx.tds.zip.

The later is most convenient for most users: simply unzip this in your local texmf

directory and run texhash to update the database of ﬁle locations. If you want to

unpack the dtx yourself, running tex siunitx.dtx will extract the package whereas

latex siunitx.dtx will extract it and also typeset the documentation.

The package requires L

X3 support as provided in the l3kernel and l3packages

bundles. Both of these are available on ctan as ready-to-install zip ﬁles. Suitable

versions are available in MiKT

X 2.9 and T

X Live 2015 (updating the relevant packages

online may be necessary). L

X3, and so siunitx, requires the ε-T

X extensions: these

are available on all modern T

X systems.

Typesetting the documentation requires a number of packages in addition to those

needed to use the package. This is mainly because of the number of demonstration

items included in the text. To compile the documentation without error, you will need

the packages:

• amsmath

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