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首页Rules of Play Game Design Fundamentals.pdf
People love pong. They do. But why? Really. What's to love? There isn't much to the game: a pair of paddles move two blunt white lines on either side of a black screen, a blocky excuse for a ball bounces between them, and if you miss the ball, your opponent scores a point. The first player to score fifteen points wins. Big deal. Yet despite its almost primitive simplicity, Pong creates meaningful play.
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Table of Contents


Table of Contents
Rules of Play - Game Design Fundamentals.....................................................................................................1
Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................1
Preface..................................................................................................................................................................1
Chapter 1: What Is This Book About?............................................................................................................1
Overview.................................................................................................................................................1
Establishing a Critical Discourse............................................................................................................2
Ways of Looking.....................................................................................................................................3
Game Design Schemas...........................................................................................................................4
Game Design Fundamentals...................................................................................................................5
Further Readings.....................................................................................................................................6
Further Reading......................................................................................................................................6
Chapter 2: The Design Process.........................................................................................................................1
Iterative Design.......................................................................................................................................1
Commissions...........................................................................................................................................2
Game Design Exercises..........................................................................................................................3
Creation............................................................................................................................................4
Modification.....................................................................................................................................5
Analysis............................................................................................................................................7
Further Reading......................................................................................................................................8
The Design and Testing of the Board Game- Lord of the Rings............................................................9
Design Process........................................................................................................................................9
Scripted Game System..........................................................................................................................10
Playtesting.............................................................................................................................................11
More Changes.......................................................................................................................................12
The Road Goes Ever On.......................................................................................................................13
Unit 1: Core Concepts.......................................................................................................................................1
Chapter List..............................................................................................................................................1
How does play happen?...........................................................................................................................1
Chapter 3: Meaningful Play..............................................................................................................................1
Overview.................................................................................................................................................1
Introducing Meaningful Play..................................................................................................................1
Meaning and Play...................................................................................................................................2
Two Kinds of Meaningful Play...............................................................................................................3
Discernable.......................................................................................................................................4
Integrated..........................................................................................................................................5
Summary.................................................................................................................................................6
Chapter 4: Design..............................................................................................................................................1
Introducing Design..................................................................................................................................1
Some Definitions of Design....................................................................................................................2
Design and Meaning...............................................................................................................................4
Semiotics: A Brief Overview..................................................................................................................4
Four Semiotic Concepts..........................................................................................................................5
A Sign Represents Something Other Than Itself....................................................................................6
Signs Are Interpreted..............................................................................................................................7
Meaning Results When a Sign Is Interpreted.........................................................................................7
Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
Chapter 4: Design
Context Shapes Interpretation.................................................................................................................8
Summary...............................................................................................................................................10
Chapter 5: Systems............................................................................................................................................1
Introducing Systems...............................................................................................................................1
The Elements of a System.......................................................................................................................2
Framing Systems.....................................................................................................................................4
Open and Closed Systems.......................................................................................................................5
Summary.................................................................................................................................................6
Chapter 6: Interactivity.....................................................................................................................................1
Introducing Interactivity.........................................................................................................................1
Defining Interactivity..............................................................................................................................1
A Multivalent Model of Interactivity......................................................................................................3
But Is it "Designed" Interaction?............................................................................................................4
Interaction and Choice............................................................................................................................5
Choice Molecules....................................................................................................................................7
Anatomy of a Choice..............................................................................................................................8
Space of Possibility...............................................................................................................................10
Further Reading....................................................................................................................................12
Summary...............................................................................................................................................13
Chapter 7: Defining Games...............................................................................................................................1
Overview.................................................................................................................................................1
Play and Game........................................................................................................................................2
Comparing Definitions...........................................................................................................................3
Definition 1: David Parlett...............................................................................................................4
Definition 2: Clark C. Abt................................................................................................................4
Definition 3: Johann Huizinga.........................................................................................................5
Definition 4: Roger Caillois.............................................................................................................6
Definition 5: Bernard Suits...............................................................................................................6
Definition 6: Chris Crawford...........................................................................................................7
Definition 7: Greg Costikyan...........................................................................................................8
Definition 8: Elliot Avedon and Brian Sutton-Smith.......................................................................8
A Comparison.......................................................................................................................................10
Our Definition.......................................................................................................................................11
The Puzzle of Puzzles...........................................................................................................................11
Role-Playing Games.............................................................................................................................12
Further Reading....................................................................................................................................14
Summary...............................................................................................................................................14
Chapter 8: Defining Digital Games..................................................................................................................1
Overview.................................................................................................................................................1
The Computer Is Not a Computer...........................................................................................................1
What Can It Do?.....................................................................................................................................2
Integration...............................................................................................................................................6
Summary.................................................................................................................................................7
Chapter 9: The Magic Circle............................................................................................................................1
Overview.................................................................................................................................................1
Boundaries..............................................................................................................................................2
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Table of Contents
Chapter 9: The Magic Circle
Enter In....................................................................................................................................................3
Temporary Worlds..................................................................................................................................4
The Lusory Attitude................................................................................................................................5
Further Reading......................................................................................................................................7
Summary.................................................................................................................................................7
Chapter 10: The Primary Schemas..................................................................................................................1
A Conceptual Framework.......................................................................................................................1
What Is a Schema?..................................................................................................................................2
RULES: Formal Schemas.......................................................................................................................3
PLAY: Experiential Schemas.................................................................................................................4
CULTURE: Contextual Schemas...........................................................................................................5
Summary.................................................................................................................................................5
Commissioned Game 1 — Richard Garfield....................................................................................................1
Rules.......................................................................................................................................................1
Scoring....................................................................................................................................................2
Design Notes...........................................................................................................................................3
Sibling Rivalry.................................................................................................................................4
Unit 2: Rules.......................................................................................................................................................1
Chapter List..............................................................................................................................................1
Chapter 11: Defining Rules...............................................................................................................................1
Overview.................................................................................................................................................1
A Deck of Cards......................................................................................................................................2
Other Kinds of Rules..............................................................................................................................3
Qualities of Rules....................................................................................................................................3
Rules in Context......................................................................................................................................5
Summary.................................................................................................................................................6
Chapter 12: Rules on Three Levels..................................................................................................................1
Overview.................................................................................................................................................1
Tic-Tac-What?........................................................................................................................................1
Under the Hood.......................................................................................................................................2
Being a Good Sport.................................................................................................................................3
Three Kinds of Rules..............................................................................................................................4
Operational Rules.............................................................................................................................4
Constituative Rules...........................................................................................................................4
Implicit Rules...................................................................................................................................4
The Rules of Chutes and Ladders...........................................................................................................4
Chutes and Ladders: Operational Rules...........................................................................................6
Chutes and Ladders: Constituative Rules.........................................................................................6
Chutes and Ladders: Implicit Rules.................................................................................................7
The Identity of a Game...........................................................................................................................8
Specificity of Rules.................................................................................................................................9
Designing Elegant Rules.......................................................................................................................10
Further Reading....................................................................................................................................12
Summary...............................................................................................................................................12
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