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Finite Element Analysis Theory and Application with ANSYS, 3rd E...
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The third edition, consisting of 15 chapters, includes a number of new additions and changes that were incorporated in response to suggestions and requests made by professors, students, and professionals using the second edition of the book. The major changes include: • A new section on using Excel to manipulate matrices • A new comprehensive appendix on MATLAB • More detail on theory and expanded derivations • Reorganization of Chapter 15 to include examples of batch files • Additional problems
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LilmlrY of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Moaveni, Saeed.
Finite clement analysis: theory and application with ANSYS
I Saeed
Moaveni.-3rd
cd.
p. cm.
ISBN 0-13-189OS0·8-ISBN 0-13-2416514 (pie)
1.
Finite clement
method-Data
processing.
2.
ANSYS (Computer system) I. Title.
TA347.F5M622oo7
620.00I '51535-dc22
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preparing this book.TIlese efforts include the
development, research, and testing
of
the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. TIle
author
and
publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed
or
implied, with regard
to
these programs
or
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in
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out
of, the
fUl'l1ishing,
performance, or use
of
these programs'
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ISBN
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New
Jersey

Preface
CHANGES
IN
THE
THIRD
EDITION
The third edition, consisting
of
15
chapters, includes a number
of
new additions and changes
that
were
incorporated
in
response to suggestions
and
requests made by professors, stu-
dents,
and
professionals using the second edition
of
the book.
The
major changes include:
• A
new
section on using Excel to manipulate matrices
• A
new
comprehensive appendix
on
MATLAB
•
More
detail
on
theory
and
expanded
derivations
• Reorganization
of
Chapter
15
to include examples of batch files
•
Additional
problems
ORGANIZATION
There
are
many
good
textbooks
already in existence
that
cover
the
theory
of
finite
element
methods
for advanced students. However,
none
of
these
books
incorporate
ANSYS
as
an integral
part
of
their materials to introduce finite element modeling to un-
dergraduate
students
and newcomers. In recent years, the use
of
finite
element
analy-
sis
as
a design tool has grown rapidly. Easy-to-use, comprehensive
packages
such as
ANSYS, a general-purpose finite
element
computer
program
, have become
common
tools
in
the
hands
of
design engineers. Unfortunately, many
engineers
who lack the
proper
training
or
understanding
of
the underlying concepts have been using these tools.
1l1is introductory book
is
written to assist engineering students and practicing engineers
new to the field
of
finite element modeling to gain a clear understanding
of
the basic con-
cepts.
The
text offers insight into
the
theoretical aspects
of
finite
element
analysis
and
also covers some practical aspects
of
modeling.
Great
care
has been exercised to avoid
overwhelming
students
with theory, yet
enough
theoretical
background
is
offered to
allow individuals to use ANSYS intelligently
and
effectively. ANSYS
is
an
integral
part
of
this text. In each
chapter
, the relevant basic theory
is
discussed first
and
demonstrated
using simple problems with hand calculations.
These
problems
are
followed by exam-
ples
that
are
solved using ANSYS. Exercises in the text
are
also
presented
in this man-
ner.
Some
exercises require manual calculations, while others,
more
complex
in
nature
,
require
the
use
of
ANSYS.
The
simpler hand-calculation problems will
enhance
stu-
dents
'
understanding
of
the concepts by encouraging them to
go
through
the necessary
steps
in a finite
element
analysis.
Design
problems
are
also
included
at
the
end
of
Chapters
3, 4
,6,
and
9 through
14.
xi

xii
Preface
Various
sources
of
error
that
can
contribute
to
incorrect
results
are
discussed. A
good
engineer
must
always find ways
to
check
the
results.
While
experimental
testing
of
models
may
be
the best way, such
testing
may
be
expensive
or
time consumingo
There-
fore
,
whenever
possible
,
throughout
this
text
emphasis
is
placed
on
doing
a "
sanity
check
"
to
verify
one
's finite
element
analysis
(FEA).
A
section
at
the
end
of
each
ap-
propriate
chapter
is
devoted
to
possible
approaches
for verifying
ANSYS
results.
Another
unique
feature
of
this
book
is
that
the
last
two
chapters
are
devoted
to
the
introduction
of
design, material selection, optimization,
and
parametric
programming
with
ANSYS.
The
book
is
organized
into
15
chapters.
Chapter
1 reviews basic ideas in finite
el
-
ement
analysis.
Common
formulations
,
such
as
direct
,
potential
energy
,
and
weighted
loesidual
methods
are
discussed.
Chapter
2
provides
a
comprehensive
review
of
matrix
algebra.
Chapter
3
deals
with
the
analysis
of
trusses,
because
trusses
offer
economical
solutions
to
many
engineering
structural
problems
.
An
overview
of
the
ANSYS
pro
-
gram
is given in
Chapter
3
so
that
students
can
begin
to
use
ANSYS
right
away.
Finite
element
formulation
of
members
under
axial
loading
,
beams
,
and
frames
are
introduced
in
Chapter
4.
Chapter
5 lays
the
foundation
for
analysis
of
one
-
dimensional
problems
by
introducing
one-dimensional
linear
,
quadratic,
and
cubic
elements.
Global
, local,
and
natural
coordinate
systems
are
also
discussed
in
detail
in
Chapter
5.
An
introduction
to
isoparametric
formulation
and
numerical
integration
by
Gauss-Legendre
formulae
are
also
presented
in
Chapter
5.
Chapter
6
considers
Galerkin
formulation
of
one-
dimensional
heat
transfer
and
fluid
problems.
Two-dimensional
linear
and
higher
order
elements
are
introduced
in
Chapter
7.
Gauss-Legendre
formulae
for
two-dimensional
integrals
are
also
presented
in
Chapter
7. In
Chapter
8
the
essential
capabilities
and
the
organization
of
the
ANSYS
program
are
covered.
The
basic
steps
in
creating
and
ana-
lyzing a
model
with
ANSYS
is
discussed
in detail.
Chapter
9
includes
the
analysis
of
two-dimensional
heat
transfer
problems
with a
section
devoted
to
unsteady
situations.
Chapter
10
provides
analysis
of
torsion
of
noncircular
shafts
and
plane
stress
problems.
Dynamic
problems
are
explored
in
Chapter
11.
Review
of
dynamics
and
vibrations
of
mechanical
and
structural
systems
are
also
given in this
chapter.
In
Chapter
12
, two-
dimensional
, ideal fluid-mechanics
problems
are
analyzed.
Direct
formulation
of
the
piping
network
problems
and
underground
seepage
flow
are
also discussed.
Chapter
13
provides
a discussion
of
three-dimensional
elements
and
formulations.
This
chapter
also
presents
basic
ideas
regarding
top-down
and
bottom-up
solid
modeling
methods.
The
last
two
chapters
of
the
book
are
devoted
to
design
and
optimization
ideas.
Design
process
and
material
selection
are
explained
in
Chapter
14.
Design
optimization
ideas
and
parametric
programming
are
discussed
in
Chapter
15.
Examples
of
ANSYS
batch
files
are
also given in
Chapter
15.
Each
chapter
begins
by
stating
the
objectives
and
con-
cludes
by
summarizing
what
the
reader
should
have
gained
from
studying
that
chapter.
The
examples
that
are
solved
using
ANSYS
show
in
great
detail
how
to
use
ANSYS
to
model
and
analyze a
variety
of
engineering
problems.
Chapter
8 is
also
writ-
ten
such
that
it
can
be
taught
right
away
if
the
instructor
sees
the
need
to
start
with
ANSYS.

Preface
xiii
A
brief
review
of
appropriate
fundamental
principles in
solid
mechanics,
heat
transfer, dynamics,
and
fluid mechanics is also provided
throughout
the
book. Addi-
tionally,
when
appropriate,
students
are
warned
about
becoming
too
quick
to
generate
finite
element
models for problems for which
there
exist simple analytical solutions.
Mechanical
and
thermophysical
properties
of
some
common
materials
used in engi-
neering are given
in
appendices A and
B.
App
endices C
and
D give properties
of
com-
mon area shapes and properties ofstTuctural steel shapes, respectively. A comprehensive
introduction to
MATLAB
is
given in
Appendix
F.
Finally, a Web site at illlp:llwww.prenlrall.comIMoaveniwill
be
maintained for the
following purposes: (1) to
share
any changes in the upcoming versions
of
ANSYS; (2)
to share additional information
on
upcoming
text
revisions; (3)
to
provide additional
homework
problems
and
design problems;
and
(4) although I
have
done
my best to
eliminate
errors
and
mistakes, as
is
with most books,
some
errors
may still exist. I will
post
the corrections
that
are
brought to my attention at the site.
The
Web site will
be
ac-
cessible to all instructors
and
students.
Thank
you for considering this
book
and
I
hope
you enjoy
the
third
edition.
SAEED
MOAVENI

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