Database Management Systems 3rd Edition: Complete Solutions Manual

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“Database Management Systems 3rd英文版完整答案提供了全面的课后习题解答，覆盖了数据库管理系统的多个核心主题。” 这篇资源是关于数据库管理系统的第三版解决方案手册，由Raghu Ramakrishnan、Johannes Gehrke以及Jeﬀ Derstadt, Scott Selikoﬀ, Lin Zhu等人编著，主要来自美国威斯康辛大学和康奈尔大学的学者。这本书的内容涵盖了数据库系统的基础到高级主题，是学习和理解数据库设计与管理的重要参考资料。 1. **介绍数据库系统**：这部分可能包括数据库的基本概念、功能和在信息系统中的角色。 2. **数据库设计入门**：讲解了如何设计有效的数据库结构，可能涉及需求分析、概念设计和逻辑设计。 3. **关系模型**：详细介绍了关系模型，包括关系数据模型的基本概念，如关系、属性、键等。 4. **关系代数和元组演算**：这两部分深入解析了用于查询和操作关系数据库的抽象语言。 5. **SQL：查询、约束和触发器**：介绍了SQL语言，包括选择、投影、连接等操作，以及如何定义数据约束和创建触发器。 6. **数据库应用开发**：探讨了如何构建和集成数据库到实际应用程序中。 7. **互联网应用**：可能讨论了Web数据库和分布式数据库的概念和技术。 8. **存储和索引概述**：概述了数据库的数据存储方式和索引的重要性。 9. **磁盘和文件存储**：详细讲解了磁盘存储的原理和数据库文件的组织方式。 10. **树形结构索引**：介绍了B树、B+树等树型索引结构及其优化策略。 11. **哈希基础索引**：阐述了哈希索引的工作原理和适用场景。 12. **查询评估概览**：讨论了如何解析和执行SQL查询。 13. **外部排序**：讲述了大规模数据排序的方法，特别是当数据无法全部装入内存时的处理策略。 14. **关系运算符的评估**：详细分析了数据库查询中各种运算符的执行过程。 15. **典型查询优化器**：解释了数据库如何自动优化查询性能。 16. **事务管理概述**：涵盖了事务的基本概念，如ACID属性和事务的生命周期。 17. **并发控制**：讨论了多用户环境下保证数据一致性与隔离性的技术，如锁定、多版本并发控制等。 18. **崩溃恢复**：介绍了数据库系统如何在系统故障后恢复数据一致性。 19. **模式精化和范式**：讲解了数据库设计中的规范化理论，如第一范式（1NF）、第二范式（2NF）直至第五范式（5NF）。 20. **物理数据库设计和调优**：涵盖了如何根据系统需求选择最佳存储结构和参数调整，以提升性能。 21. **安全性**：讨论了数据库的安全措施，如访问控制、加密和审计。这个完整的答案手册对于正在学习或教授数据库管理系统的师生来说是一份宝贵的资源，它不仅提供了对每个主题的详细解答，还有助于读者深入理解和掌握数据库系统的核心概念和技术。

Introduction to Database Design 11

courseId

Course

Teaches

ssn

gid

Group

member_of

Professor

semester

Figure 2.6 ER Diagram for Exercise 2.2, Part 6

Professors have an SSN, a name, an age, a rank, and a research specialty.

Projects have a project number, a sponsor name (e.g., NSF), a starting date, an

ending date, and a budget.

Graduate students have an SSN, a name, an age, and a degree program (e.g., M.S.

or Ph.D.).

Each project is managed by one professor (known as the project’s principal inves-

tigator).

Each project is worked on by one or more professors (known as the project’s

co-investigators).

Professors can manage and/or work on multiple projects.

Each project is worked on by one or more graduate students (known as the

project’s research assistants).

When graduate students work on a project, a professor must supervise their work

on the project. Graduate students can work on multiple projects, in which case

they will have a (potentially diﬀerent) supervisor for each one.

Departments have a department number, a department name, and a main oﬃce.

Departments have a professor (known as the chairman) who runs the department.

12 Chapter 2

Professors work in one or more departments, and for each department that they

work in, a time percentage is associated with their job.

Graduate students have one major department in which they are working on their

degree.

Each graduate student has another, more senior graduate student (known as a

student advisor) who advises him or her on what courses to take.

Design and draw an ER diagram that captures the information about the university.

Use only the basic ER model here; that is, entities, relationships, and attributes. Be

sure to indicate any key and participation constraints.

Answer 2.3 The ER diagram is shown in Figure 2.7.

Exercise 2.4 A company database needs to store information about employees (iden-

tiﬁed by ssn,withsalary and phone as attributes), departments (identiﬁed by dno,

with dname and budget as attributes), and children of employees (with name and age

as attributes). Employees work in departments; each department is managed by an

employee; a child must be identiﬁed uniquely by name when the parent (who is an

employee; assume that only one parent works for the company) is known. We are not

interested in information about a child once the parent leaves the company.

Draw an ER diagram that captures this information.

Answer 2.4 The ER diagram is shown in Figure 2.8.

Exercise 2.5 Notown Records has decided to store information about musicians who

perform on its albums (as well as other company data) in a database. The company

has wisely chosen to hire you as a database designer (at your usual consulting fee of

$2500/day).

Each musician that records at Notown has an SSN, a name, an address, and

a phone number. Poorly paid musicians often share the same address, and no

address has more than one phone.

Each instrument used in songs recorded at Notown has a unique identiﬁcation

number, a name (e.g., guitar, synthesizer, ﬂute) and a musical key (e.g., C, B-ﬂat,

E-ﬂat).

Each album recorded on the Notown label has a unique identiﬁcation number, a

title, a copyright date, a format (e.g., CD or MC), and an album identiﬁer.

Each song recorded at Notown has a title and an author.

Introduction to Database Design 15

Each musician may play several instruments, and a given instrument may be

played by several musicians.

Each album has a number of songs on it, but no song may appear on more than

one album.

Each song is performed by one or more musicians, and a musician may perform a

number of songs.

Each album has exactly one musician who acts as its producer. A musician may

produce several albums, of course.

Design a conceptual schema for Notown and draw an ER diagram for your schema.

The preceding information describes the situation that the Notown database must

model. Be sure to indicate all key and cardinality constraints and any assumptions

you make. Identify any constraints you are unable to capture in the ER diagram and

brieﬂy explain why you could not express them.

Answer 2.5 The ER diagram is shown in Figure 2.9.

Exercise 2.6 Computer Sciences Department frequent ﬂiers have been complaining to

Dane County Airport oﬃcials about the poor organization at the airport. As a result,

the oﬃcials decided that all information related to the airport should be organized

using a DBMS, and you have been hired to design the database. Your ﬁrst task is

to organize the information about all the airplanes stationed and maintained at the

airport. The relevant information is as follows:

Every airplane has a registration number, and each airplane is of a speciﬁc model.

The airport accommodates a number of airplane models, and each model is iden-

tiﬁed by a model number (e.g., DC-10) and has a capacity and a weight.

A number of technicians work at the airport. You need to store the name, SSN,

address, phone number, and salary of each technician.

Each technician is an expert on one or more plane model(s), and his or her exper-

tise may overlap with that of other technicians. This information about technicians

must also be recorded.

Traﬃc controllers must have an annual medical examination. For each traﬃc

controller, you must store the date of the most recent exam.

All airport employees (including technicians) belong to a union. You must store

the union membership number of each employee. You can assume that each

employee is uniquely identiﬁed by a social security number.

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