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Taming Java Threads .......................................................................................................... 7

Preface................................................................................................................................. 8

Prerequisites ................................................................................................................. 8

Getting and Using the Code ...................................................................................... 8

Chapter 1: The Architecture of Threads............................................ 10

The Problems with Threads..................................................................................... 10

All Nontrivial Java Programs Are Multithreaded..................................................... 10

Java's Thread Support Is Not Platform Independent ................................................ 12

Threads and Processes.............................................................................................. 13

Thread Safety and Synchronization....................................................................... 13

Synchronization Is Expensive................................................................................... 14

Avoiding Synchronization ........................................................................................ 18

Concurrency, or How Can You Be Two Places at Once (When You're Really

Nowhere at All)

......................................................................................................... 22

Get Your Priorities Straight..................................................................................... 23

Cooperate!................................................................................................................... 24

The Cooperative Multithreading Model ................................................................... 24

The Preemptive Multithreading Model..................................................................... 25

Mapping Kernel Threads to User Processes ............................................................. 25

Wrapping Up.............................................................................................................. 28

Chapter 2: The Perils of Multithreaded Programming........... 29

Monitors and Exclusion Semaphores (Mutex) .................................................... 29

Race Conditions and Spin Locks............................................................................ 30

The Spin_lock Class ................................................................................................. 35

Threads Are Not Objects ......................................................................................... 39

Deadlock ..................................................................................................................... 41

Get out the Magnifying Glass................................................................................. 42

Nested-Monitor Lockout.......................................................................................... 44

Synchronization Wrappers........................................................................................ 45

Time Out!.................................................................................................................... 46

A Digression on Style ............................................................................................... 49

Why Is suspend() Deprecated? ............................................................................... 50

Deadlock on a Blocking I/O Operation................................................................. 51

Stopping Threads....................................................................................................... 54

Starvation and Synchronizing run()....................................................................... 55

The volatile Keyword............................................................................................... 57

Exceptions and Threads ........................................................................................... 58

Conclusion.................................................................................................................. 60

Chapter 3: The Mutex and Lock Management............................. 61

When synchronized Isn't Good Enough................................................................ 61

Handling Granularity with synchronized.............................................................. 62

Roll Your Own Semaphores: The Semaphore Interface.................................... 63

Managing Semaphores and Deadlock-Resistant Locking................................. 66

A Digression: Booch Utilities and Strategy.............................................................. 70

Implementing a Manageable Mutex Class............................................................ 71

Conclusion.................................................................................................................. 77

Chapter 4: Condition Variables and Counting Semaphores78

Condition Variables .................................................................................................. 78

Waiting for the Electrician (or Somebody Like Him): Condition Variables vs. wait()

................................................................................................................................... 78

Send in the Cavalry: Using a Condition Variable..................................................... 81

Implementing a Condition Variable.......................................................................... 89

Condition Sets: Waiting for Multiple Conditions ............................................... 98

Counting Semaphores for Managing Resource Pools...................................... 106

Wrapping Up............................................................................................................ 115

Chapter 5: Timers, Alarms, and Swing Thread Safety ........ 116

Why a Timer?........................................................................................................... 116

Swingin' Threads: Swing Isn't Thread Safe........................................................ 117

The invokeLater() and invokeAndWait() Methods ................................................ 118

Using the Swing Timer .......................................................................................... 119

So, How Does It Work?.......................................................................................... 121

Why Use a Swing Timer (or Not)........................................................................... 121

Roll Your Own Timer: Implementing the Alarm Class................................... 122

The Static Structure of an Alarm ............................................................................ 124

Dissecting a Notification......................................................................................... 125

Restarting an Alarm (Stopping a Thread)............................................................... 141

Suspending the Clock ............................................................................................. 142

Notifier Problems.................................................................................................... 142

Unit Tests................................................................................................................ 143

Summing Up ............................................................................................................ 144

Chapter 6: Observers and Multicasters............................................ 145

Implementing Observer in a Multithreaded World........................................... 145

Observer-side Problems: Inner-class Synchronization .................................... 146

Notifier-side Problems: Notifications in a Multithreaded World................... 149

Mysteries of the AWTEventMulticaster .............................................................. 157

Immutable Objects and Blank Finals...................................................................... 158

Using the Multicaster.............................................................................................. 159

Building a Multicaster............................................................................................ 160

Chapter 7: Singletons, Critical Sections, and Reader/Writer

Locks.......................................................................................................................... 168

Overview................................................................................................................... 168

Critical Sections, Singletons, and the "Class Object" ...................................... 168

Static Members ....................................................................................................... 168

Singletons.................................................................................................................. 172

Critical Sections, Doubled-checked Locking, and Cache-related Problems in

Multiple-CPU Machines ......................................................................................... 174

The Std Class: An Example of Singleton ............................................................... 176

Closing Singletons .................................................................................................. 184

Reader/Writer Locks............................................................................................... 185

It's a Wrap................................................................................................................. 198

Chapter 8: Threads in an Object-Oriented World.................... 199

Overview................................................................................................................... 199

Modeling Threads in Object-Oriented Systems ................................................ 199

Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Messages ............................................................. 199

Implementing Asynchronous Messages Using Thread-per-Method ...................... 200

An Exceptional Problem......................................................................................... 205

Thread Pools and Blocking Queues..................................................................... 206

Blocking Queues..................................................................................................... 208

Pooling Threads ...................................................................................................... 220

Passing Arguments to the Operation....................................................................... 221

Using Introspection for Runnable Objects that Pass Arguments............................ 222

Implementing the Thread_pool............................................................................... 228

Putting the Pool to Work......................................................................................... 239

Sockets and Thread Pools...................................................................................... 240

Conclusion................................................................................................................ 253

Chapter 9: Object-Oriented Threading Architectures........... 254

Reactors and Active Objects ................................................................................. 254

Synchronous Dispatching and Round-Robin Scheduling: Reactors and

Proactors

.................................................................................................................... 255

Asynchronous Dispatching: Active Objects ...................................................... 266

A General Solution ................................................................................................. 267

Detangling Console Output .................................................................................... 272

That's It...................................................................................................................... 278

Chapter 10: If I Were King: Fixing Java's Threading

Problems.................................................................................................................. 280

Overview................................................................................................................... 280

The Task.................................................................................................................... 280

Improvements to synchronized ............................................................................. 283

Improvements to wait() and notify().................................................................... 284

剩余295页未读，继续阅读

wapigzhu

2012-10-08

讲得很细，书的质量也很清楚

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