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Release 0.96
15. June 2007
http://vsis-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/projects/jadex/
Alexander Pokahr
Lars Braubach
Distributed Systems Group
University of Hamburg, Germany
http://vsis-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de
If you have support questions about Jadex please use the sourceforge help forum and
mailing list for that purpose (available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/jadex/).
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Requirements and Installation .............................................................................................1
1.2. Getting Started ...................................................................................................................2
1.2.1. Compile an Example ...............................................................................................2
1.2.2. Start an Example Agent ...........................................................................................2
2. Concepts of the Jadex BDI Reasoning Engine ............................................................................. 5
2.1. The BDI Model of Jadex .....................................................................................................5
2.1.1. The Beliefbase ........................................................................................................6
2.1.2. The Goal Structure ..................................................................................................7
2.1.3. Plan Specification ....................................................................................................8
2.2. Agent Definition ................................................................................................................8
2.3. Execution Model of a Jadex Agent ...................................................................................... 8
3. Agent Specification ................................................................................................................... 11
3.1. Overview ......................................................................................................................... 11
3.2. Structure of Agent Definition Files (ADFs) ........................................................................ 11
4. Imports ..................................................................................................................................... 15
4.1. Import Examples .............................................................................................................. 15
5. Capabilities ............................................................................................................................... 17
5.1. Capability Definition ........................................................................................................ 17
5.2. Using Capabilities ............................................................................................................ 18
5.3. Elements of a Capability ................................................................................................... 18
5.3.1. Making an Element Accessible for the Outer Capability ........................................... 19
5.3.2. Defining an Abstract Element ................................................................................. 19
5.4. Weak vs. Strong Export .................................................................................................... 20
6. Beliefs ........................................................................................................................................ 21
6.1. Defining Beliefs in the ADF ............................................................................................. 21
6.2. Accessing Beliefs from within Plans .................................................................................. 22
6.3. Dynamically Evaluated Beliefs ......................................................................................... 22
6.4. Propagation of Belief Changes .......................................................................................... 23
7. Goals ......................................................................................................................................... 25
7.1. Common Goal Features .................................................................................................... 26
7.1.1. Example Goal ....................................................................................................... 28
7.1.2. BDI Flags ............................................................................................................. 28
7.2. Perform Goal ................................................................................................................... 29
7.3. Achieve Goal ................................................................................................................... 29
7.4. Query Goal ...................................................................................................................... 30
7.5. Maintain Goal .................................................................................................................. 30
7.6. Creating and Dispatching New Goals ................................................................................ 31
7.7. Goal Deliberation with "Easy Deliberation" ....................................................................... 32
7.8. Meta Goal ........................................................................................................................ 34
8. Plans ......................................................................................................................................... 37
8.1. Defining Plan Heads in the ADF ....................................................................................... 37
8.1.1. Plan Triggers ......................................................................................................... 38
8.1.2. Defining Plan Applicability with Pre- and Context Conditions ................................. 39
8.1.3. Waitqueue ............................................................................................................. 40
8.1.4. Parameters, Binding, and Parameter Mapping ......................................................... 40
8.2. Implementing a Plan Body in Java ..................................................................................... 42
8.2.1. Plan Success or Failure and BDI Exceptions ........................................................... 43
8.2.2. Atomic Blocks ...................................................................................................... 44
9. Events ....................................................................................................................................... 47
9.1. Internal Events ................................................................................................................. 48
9.2. Message Events ............................................................................................................... 49
9.2.1. Receiving Messages .............................................................................................. 50
9.2.2. Sending Messages ................................................................................................. 52
9.2.3. Using Ontologies and Content Languages ............................................................... 53
9.2.4. Using Conversations for Managing Sequences of Messages ..................................... 55
9.3. Goal Events ..................................................................................................................... 56
10. Expressions ............................................................................................................................. 59
10.1. Expression Syntax .......................................................................................................... 59
10.2. Expression Properties ..................................................................................................... 59
10.3. Reserved Variables ......................................................................................................... 60
10.4. Expressions Examples .................................................................................................... 61
10.5. ADF Expressions ........................................................................................................... 61
10.6. OQL-like Select Statements ............................................................................................ 63
11. Conditions ............................................................................................................................... 65
11.1. ADF Conditions ............................................................................................................. 65
12. Properties ................................................................................................................................ 69
13. Configurations ........................................................................................................................ 73
13.1. Capabilities .................................................................................................................... 73
13.2. Beliefs ........................................................................................................................... 74
13.3. Goals ............................................................................................................................. 75
13.4. Plans ............................................................................................................................. 77
13.5. Events ........................................................................................................................... 79
14. Dynamic Models ...................................................................................................................... 83
14.1. Adding/Removing Capabilities at Runtime ...................................................................... 83
14.2. Creating/Deleting Beliefs at Runtime ............................................................................... 84
14.3. Creating/Deleting Goal Types at Runtime ........................................................................ 85
14.4. Creating/Deleting Plan Types at Runtime ......................................................................... 86
14.5. Creating/Deleting Event Types at Runtime ....................................................................... 86
15. External Interactions ............................................................................................................... 89
15.1. External Processes .......................................................................................................... 89
15.2. Agent Listeners .............................................................................................................. 89
16. Using Predefined Capabilities ................................................................................................. 93
16.1. The Agent Management System (AMS) Capability .......................................................... 93
16.1.1. Creating an Agent ................................................................................................ 93
16.1.2. Starting an Agent ................................................................................................. 95
16.1.3. Destroying an Agent ............................................................................................ 96
16.1.4. Suspending an Agent ........................................................................................... 97
16.1.5. Resuming an Agent ............................................................................................. 99
16.1.6. Searching for Agents ......................................................................................... 100
16.1.7. Shutting Down a Platform .................................................................................. 101
16.2. The Directory Facilitator (DF) Capability ...................................................................... 102
16.2.1. Registering an Agent Description ....................................................................... 103
16.2.2. Keeping an agent description registered .............................................................. 105
16.2.3. Modifying a registration ..................................................................................... 107
16.2.4. Deregistration of services ................................................................................... 109
16.2.5. Searching for agents and services ........................................................................ 110
16.3. The Interaction Protocols Capability .............................................................................. 111
16.3.1. FIPA Request Interaction Protocol (RP) .............................................................. 112
16.3.1.1. Initiator Side ........................................................................................... 113
Jadex User Guide
iv Jadex User Guide - Release 0.96
16.3.1.2. Participant Side ....................................................................................... 114
16.3.2. FIPA Contract Net Interaction Protocol (CNP) .................................................... 117
16.3.2.1. Initiator Side ........................................................................................... 118
16.3.2.2. Participant Side ....................................................................................... 121
16.3.2.3. Simplified Protocol Usage ....................................................................... 123
16.3.3. FIPA Iterated Contract Net Protocol (ICNP) ........................................................ 124
16.3.3.1. Initiator Side ........................................................................................... 126
16.3.3.2. Participant Side ....................................................................................... 128
16.3.3.3. Simplified Protocol Usage ....................................................................... 129
16.3.4. FIPA English Auction Interaction Protocol (EA) ................................................. 130
16.3.4.1. Initiator Side ........................................................................................... 131
16.3.4.2. Participant Side ....................................................................................... 134
16.3.5. FIPA Dutch Auction Interaction Protocol (DA) ................................................... 137
16.3.5.1. Initiator Side ........................................................................................... 139
16.3.5.2. Participant Side ....................................................................................... 141
16.3.6. Abnormal Termination of Protocols .................................................................... 143
16.3.6.1. Leaving an Interaction (Participant Side) .................................................. 144
16.3.6.2. FIPA Cancel Meta Protocol (CM) ............................................................ 144
A. Changes and Compatibility Issues ............................................................................................. 147
A.1. New Features in 0.95 and 0.96 ....................................................................................... 147
A.2. Incompatibilities to Release 0.941 .................................................................................. 148
A.2.1. Changes in the ADF Definition ............................................................................ 148
A.2.2. Capability Changes ............................................................................................. 148
A.2.3. API Changes ...................................................................................................... 149
B. Platform Adapters .................................................................................................................... 151
B.1. The Jadex Standalone Adapter ........................................................................................ 151
B.1.1. Starting the Jadex Standalone Adapter .................................................................. 151
B.1.2. Starting Agents from the Command Line .............................................................. 152
B.2. The JADE Adapter ........................................................................................................ 152
B.2.1. Starting the JADE Adapter .................................................................................. 152
B.2.2. Using JADE Ontologies and Content Languages ................................................... 153
B.2.3. Agent Migration and Persistence .......................................................................... 154
B.2.4. Using JADE Behaviours ...................................................................................... 154
C. Add-Ons .................................................................................................................................. 157
C.1. Expression Compiler ..................................................................................................... 157
C.2. Webbridge .................................................................................................................... 157
C.3. Planner ......................................................................................................................... 157
C.4. Diet adapter (experimental) ............................................................................................ 157
D. FAQ+HOWTO ........................................................................................................................ 159
E. Legal Notice ............................................................................................................................ 163
E.1. Third-Party Software ..................................................................................................... 163
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................ 169
Jadex User Guide
Jadex User Guide - Release 0.96 v
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