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Debugging Linux Systems
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Debugging
Linux Systems
Your Short Cut to Knowledge
sh
o
rtcut
What This Mini-Book Will Cover
Product Description ...................... 3
Kernel Version
.............................. 4
Book Website
............................... 4
Conventions Used
......................... 4
Dedication
................................... 5
Kernel Debuggers
......................... 6
Kernel Probes
............................. 25
Kexec and Kdump
....................... 41
Profiling
..................................... 54
Tracing
....................................... 61
Debugging Embedded Linux
........ 67
Debugging Network
Throughput
................................ 83
Linux Test Project
........................ 86
User Mode Linux
......................... 87
Diagnostic Tools
......................... 87
Kernel Hacking Config Options
..... 87
Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran
informit.com/ph
From the Library of Ross Hagglund
ptg5994185
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trade-
marks. Where those designations appear in this work, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the
designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals.
The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this work, but make no expressed or implied
warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental
or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained
herein.
Visit us on the Web: www.informit.com/ph
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the
publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions,
write to:
Pearson Education, Inc.
Rights and Contracts Department
501 Boylston Street, Suite 900
Boston, MA 02116
Fax: (617) 671-3447
ISBN-13: 978-0-136-12354-5
ISBN-10: 0-136-12354-6
First release, November 2009
2
Debugging Linux Systems (Digital Shortcut)
by Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran
© 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
This publication is protected by copyright. Please see page 2 for more details.
From the Library of Ross Hagglund
Download at WoweBook.Com
ptg5994185
Product Description
Product Description
Debugging Linux Systems discusses the main tools available today to debug 2.6 Linux Kernels. We
start by exploring the seemingly esoteric operations of the Kernel Debugger (KDB), Kernel GNU
DeBugger (KGDB), the plain GNU DeBugger (GDB), and JTAG debuggers. We then investigate
Kernel Probes, a feature that lets you intrude into a kernel function and extract debug information
or apply a medicated patch. Analyzing a crash dump can yield clues for postmortem analysis of
kernel crashes or hangs, so we take a look at Kdump, a serviceability tool that collects a system
dump after spawning a new kernel. Profiling points you to code regions that burn more CPU
cycles, so we learn to use the OProfile kernel profiler and the gprof application profiler to sense the
presence of code bottlenecks. Because tracing provides insight into behavioral problems that mani-
fest during interactions between different code modules, we delve into the Linux Trace Toolkit, a
system designed for high-volume trace capture.
The section “Debugging Embedded Linux” takes a tour of the I/O interfaces commonly found on
embedded hardware, such as flash memory, serial port, PCMCIA, Secure Digital media, USB, RTC,
audio, video, touch screen, and Bluetooth, and provides pointers to debug the associated device
drivers. We also pick up some board-level debugging skills with the help of a case study. The
section “Debugging Network Throughput” takes you through some device driver design issues and
protocol implementation characteristics that can affect the horsepower of your network interface
card. We end the shortcut by examining several options available in the kernel configuration
menu that can emit valuable debug information.
3
Debugging Linux Systems (Digital Shortcut)
by Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran
© 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
This publication is protected by copyright. Please see page 2 for more details.
From the Library of Ross Hagglund
Download at WoweBook.Com
ptg5994185
Conventions Used
Kernel Version
This shortcut is generally up to date as of the 2.6.25/26 kernel versions. Most code listings in this
shortcut were tested on a 2.6.23 kernel. If you are using a later version, look at Linux websites such
as lwn.net to learn about the kernel changes made since the above releases.
Book Website
I’ve set up a website at elinuxdd.com to provide updates, errata, and other information related to
Essential Linux Device Drivers and this digital shortcut.
Conventions Used
Source code, function names, and shell commands, are written like this. The shell prompt used is
bash>. Filenames are written in italics, like this. Italics are also used to introduce new terms.
Some sections modify original kernel source files while implementing code examples. To clearly
point out the changes, newly inserted code lines are prefixed with
+, and any deleted code lines
with -.
Sometimes, for simplicity, this shortcut uses generic references. So if the text points you to the
arch/your-arch/ directory, it should be translated, for example, to arch/x86/ if you are compiling the
kernel for the x86 architecture.
The → symbol is sometimes inserted between command or kernel output to attach explanations.
4
Debugging Linux Systems (Digital Shortcut)
by Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran
© 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
This publication is protected by copyright. Please see page 2 for more details.
From the Library of Ross Hagglund
Download at WoweBook.Com
ptg5994185
Dedication
Some sections refer you to user-space scripts or configuration files. The exact names and locations
of such files might, however, vary according to the Linux distribution you use.
Dedication
This digital shortcut, like Essential Linux Device Drivers, is dedicated to the ten million
visually challenged citizens of India. All author proceeds will go to their cause.
5
Debugging Linux Systems (Digital Shortcut)
by Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran
© 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
This publication is protected by copyright. Please see page 2 for more details.
From the Library of Ross Hagglund
Download at WoweBook.Com
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